The endosomal-vacuolar transport system acts as a docking platform for the Pmk1 MAP kinase signaling pathway in Magnaporthe oryzae.

In Magnaporthe oryzae, the Pmk1 MAP kinase signaling pathway regulates appressorium formation, plant penetration, effector secretion, and invasive growth. While the Mst11-Mst7-Pmk1 cascade was characterized two decades ago, knowledge of its signaling in the intracellular network remains limited. In this study, we demonstrate that the endosomal surface scaffolds Pmk1 MAPK signaling and Msb2 activates Ras2 on endosomes in M.

A glance at structural biology in advancing rice blast fungus research.

The filamentous fungus is widely recognized as a notorious plant pathogen responsible for causing rice blasts. With rapid advancements in molecular biology technologies, numerous regulatory mechanisms have been thoroughly investigated. However, most recent studies have predominantly focused on infection-related pathways or host defence mechanisms, which may be insufficient for developing novel structure-based prevention strategies.

A repressive H3K36me2 reader mediates Polycomb silencing.

In animals, evolutionarily conserved Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and PRC1 functions in recruitment and transcriptional repression. However, the mechanisms underlying H3K27me3-mediated stable transcriptional silencing are largely unknown, as PRC1 subunits are poorly characterized in fungi. Here, we report that in the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the N-terminal chromodomain and C-terminal MRG domain of Eaf3 play key roles in facultative heterochromatin formation and transcriptional silencing.

A Taxonomic Study of Specimens from China Revealed Seven New Species.

Based on phylogenetic analysis, (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) was established with as the type species. The basidiomes range from small to large and are typically terrestrial, lignicolous, and rarely fimicolous. We analysed the species collected during five years in China, and based on morphological and molecular data (nrITS, nrLSU, and ), we propose seven new species viz.

A rho-type GTPase activating protein affects the growth and development of Cordyceps cicadae.

Cordyceps cicadae is recognized for its medicinal properties, attributed to bioactive constituents like polysaccharides and adenosine, which have been shown to improve kidney and liver functions and possess anti-tumor properties. Rho GTPase activating proteins (Rho GAPs) serve as inhibitory regulators of Rho GTPases in eukaryotic cells by accelerating the GTP hydrolysis of Rho GTPases, leading to their inactivation. In this study, we explored the function of the CcRga8 gene in C.

A pair of nuclear factor Y transcription factors act as positive regulators in jasmonate signaling and disease resistance in Arabidopsis.

The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) regulates plant growth and immunity by orchestrating a genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming. In the resting stage, JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins act as main repressors to regulate the expression of JA-responsive genes in the JA signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms underlying de-repression of JA-responsive genes in response to JA treatment remain elusive.

The MoLfa1 Protein Regulates Fungal Development and Septin Ring Formation in .

Septins play a key regulatory role in cell division, cytokinesis, and cell polar growth of the rice blast fungus (). We found that the organization of the septin ring, which is essential for appressorium-mediated infection in , requires long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), which act as mediators of septin organization at membrane interfaces. However, it is unclear how septin ring formation and LCFAs regulate the pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus.

Roles of and in the cyanidin biosynthesis and development of .

Introduction: is a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus known for its rich production of bioactive substances, particularly cyanidin, an anthocyanin commonly found in plants with notable anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. This study revealed two key genes, and , affecting cyanidin biosynthesis in .

Methods: The roles of these genes in cyanidin production, growth, and development were elucidated through the gene knockout method, phenotypic analysis, transcriptomics, and metabolomics.

DGK5β-derived phosphatidic acid regulates ROS production in plant immunity by stabilizing NADPH oxidase.

In plant immunity, phosphatidic acid (PA) regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) by binding to respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), an NADPH oxidase responsible for ROS production. Here, we analyze the influence of PA binding on RBOHD activity and the mechanism of RBOHD-bound PA generation. PA binding enhances RBOHD protein stability by inhibiting vacuolar degradation, thereby increasing chitin-induced ROS production.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Effector Candidates with Conserved Motif in .

Microbes employ effectors to disrupt immune responses and promote host colonization. Conserved motifs including RXLR, LFLAK-HVLVxxP (CRN), Y/F/WxC, CFEM, LysM, Chitin-bind, DPBB_1 (PNPi), and Cutinase have been discovered to play crucial roles in the functioning of effectors in filamentous fungi. Nevertheless, little is known about effectors with conserved motifs in endophytes.

Endophytic fungus Falciphora oryzae enhances salt tolerance by modulating ion homeostasis and antioxidant defense systems in pepper.

Endophytic fungi play an important role in the induction of plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the role of endophytic fungi in the response of horticultural plants to plant stress remains largely unknown. Here, we addressed the role of the endophytic fungus Falciphora oryzae in enhancing salt tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.

A key sphingolipid pathway gene, MoDES1, regulates conidiation, virulence and plasma membrane tension in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Rice blast, caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is a destructive disaster all over the earth that causes enormous losses in crop production. Sphingolipid, an important biological cell membrane lipid, is an essential structural component in the plasma membrane (PM) and has several biological functions, including cell mitosis, apoptosis, stress resistance, and signal transduction. Previous studies have suggested that sphingolipid and its derivatives play essential roles in the virulence of plant pathogenic fungi.

Reversible phosphorylation of a lectin-receptor-like kinase controls xylem immunity.

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate basal resistance to most phytopathogens. However, plant responses can be cell type specific, and the mechanisms governing xylem immunity remain largely unknown. We show that the lectin-receptor-like kinase LORE contributes to xylem basal resistance in Arabidopsis upon infection with Ralstonia solanacearum, a destructive plant pathogen that colonizes the xylem to cause bacterial wilt.

The Methylcitrate Cycle and Its Crosstalk with the Glyoxylate Cycle and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Pathogenic Fungi.

In fungi, the methylcitrate cycle converts cytotoxic propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to pyruvate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The glyoxylate cycle converts acetyl-CoA to succinate, which enters gluconeogenesis. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central carbon metabolic pathway that connects the methylcitrate cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and other metabolisms for lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids.

Cand2 inhibits CRL-mediated ubiquitination and suppresses autophagy to facilitate pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy system are the two primary mechanisms used by eukaryotes to maintain protein homeostasis, and both are closely related to the pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus. In this research, we identified MoCand2 as an inhibitor of ubiquitination in Magnaporthe oryzae. Through this role, MoCand2 participates in the regulation of autophagy and pathogenicity.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Investigation on Leaf Necrosis Induced by Transient Overexpression in .

(WUS) is a crucial transcription factor in regulating plant stem cell development, and its expression can also improve genetic transformation. However, the ectopic expression of WUS always causes pleiotropic effects during genetic transformation, making it important to understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying these phenomena. In our study, we found that the transient expression of the maize WUS ortholog caused severe leaf necrosis in .

The triglyceride catabolism regulated by a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, Smek1, is required for development and plant infection in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Magnaporthe oryzae is a pathogenic fungus that seriously harms rice production. Phosphatases and carbon metabolism play crucial roles in the growth and development of eukaryotes. However, it remains unclear how serine/threonine phosphatases regulate the catabolism of triglycerides, a major form of stored lipids.