Triple regulation of oxidative-acetylation cycling pathways in COPD glucocorticoid resistance by HuaTanJiangQi capsules.

Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by long-term smoking, significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. The complex interaction between antioxidants and acetylation is an important factor that contributes to the slow progression of treatment. This study highlights the development of GC resistance in COPD through 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), and nuclear related factor 2 (Nrf2), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, western blotting, and siRNA silencing.