Cell death dependent on holins LrgAB repressed by a novel ArsR family regulator CdsR.

The cell death and survival paradox in various biological processes requires clarification. While spore development causes maternal cell death in Bacillus species, the involvement of other cell death pathways in sporulation remains unknown. Here, we identified a novel ArsR family transcriptional regulator, CdsR, and found that the deletion of its encoding gene cdsR causes cell lysis and inhibits sporulation.

A Novel Regulator PepR Regulates the Expression of Dipeptidase Gene in .

produces insecticidal crystal proteins encoded by or genes and targets a variety of insect pests. We previously found that a strong promoter of a DeoR family transcriptional regulator (HD73_5014) can efficiently drive expression in HD73. Here, we investigated the regulation of neighbor genes by HD73_5014.

Transcriptional regulation of cellobiose utilization by PRD-domain containing Sigma54-dependent transcriptional activator (CelR) and catabolite control protein A (CcpA) in .

Cellobiose, a β-1,4-linked glucose dimer, is a major cellodextrin resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. It is a major source of carbon for soil bacteria. In bacteria, the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP): carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS), encoded by the operon, is responsible for the transport and utilization of cellobiose.

Characterization of a novel cell wall hydrolase CwlE involved in subsp mother cell lysis.

Cell wall hydrolases are ubiquitous among spore-form bacteria and essential for mother cell lysis. In this study, a novel cell wall hydrolase gene involved in mother cell lysis was characterized from subsp (Bti) strain Bt-59. was specifically expressed in Bti and located in the large plasmid carrying the insecticidal genes.

Key amino acids residues enhance the ability of CpcR to activate cry gene expression in Bacillus thuringiensis.

Typical Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces one or more parasporal crystals composed of insecticidal Cry proteins during the sporulation, and the parasporal crystals and spores are produced from the same cell. Strain Bt LM1212 is different from typical Bt strains in that its crystals and spores are produced in different cells. Previous studies have found that the cell differentiation process of Bt LM1212 is related to the transcription factor CpcR which activates the cry-gene promoters.

Deletion of the novel gene mother cell lysis X results in Cry1Ac encapsulation in the HD73.

The novel protein MclX (mother cell lysis X) in subsp. strain HD73 ( HD73) was characterized in this work. MclX has no known domain and its gene deletion in HD73 resulted in Cry1Ac encapsulation in the mother cell and did not influence Cry1Ac protein production or insecticidal activity.

The Transcription Factor CpcR Determines Cell Fate by Modulating the Initiation of Sporulation in Bacillus thuringiensis.

Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium capable of differentiating into a spore, a dormant and highly resistant cellular form. During the sporulation process, this bacterium produces insecticidal toxins in the form of a crystal inclusion, usually in the sporulating cell. We previously reported that the B.

Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Homologous SpoVS Proteins Involved in Sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis.

Sporulation is an important part of the life cycle of Bacillus thuringiensis and the basis for the production of parasporal crystals. This study identifies and characterizes two homologous genes ( and ) in B. thuringiensis, both of whose expression is dependent on the σ factor.

Transition Phase Regulator AbrB Positively Regulates the Gene Expression in Bacillus thuringiensis.

Bacillus thuringiensis secreted insecticidal proteins (Sip) are a secretion that is toxic to coleopteran pests. However, the transcriptional mechanism of genes is still unknown. The transcriptional regulation of the gene and the expression of the Sip1Ab1 protein were investigated in this study.

Complete Genome Sequence and Function Gene Identify of Prometryne-Degrading Strain sp. DY-1.

The genus is widely recognized for its potential for environmental remediation and plant growth promotion. sp. DY-1 was isolated from the agricultural soil contaminated five years by prometryne, it manifested an outstanding prometryne degradation efficiency and an untapped potential for plant resistance improvement.

Characteristics of the sigK Deletion Mutant from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Strain Bt-59.

All major insecticidal genes of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) are controlled by the sporulation-specific sigma factor Sigma E (sigE), while sigE is negatively regulated by Sigma K (sigK). Therefore, knocking out sigK plays an important role in regulating the expression of insecticidal genes in Bti.

A Chitin-Binding Protein is Involved in Insect Peritrophic Matrix Adhesion and Takes Part in the Infection Process.

(Bt) is used for insect pest control, and its larvicidal activity is primarily attributed to Cry toxins. Other factors participate in infection, and limited information is available regarding factors acting on the peritrophic matrix (PM). This study aimed to investigate the role of a Bt chitin-binding protein (CBPA) that had been previously shown to be expressed at pH 9 and could therefore be expressed in the alkaline gut of lepidopteron larvae.

Transcription in the acetoin catabolic pathway is regulated by AcoR and CcpA in Bacillus thuringiensis.

Acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) is an important physiological metabolic product in many microorganisms. Acetoin breakdown is catalyzed by the acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system (AoDH ES), which is encoded by acoABCL operon. In this study, we analyzed transcription and regulation of the aco operon in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).

Cry78Ba1, One Novel Crystal Protein from with High Insecticidal Activity against Rice Planthopper.

The rice planthopper is a very important hemipteran pest that preys on rice and substantially affects the safety of rice production. Moreover, the long-term prevention and control of these pests with chemical pesticides has led to an increase in the resistance of the rice planthopper as well as serious environmental pollution and food safety problems. (Bt) has been used for the efficient and green control of a variety of rice pests.

The stationary phase regulator CpcR activates cry gene expression in non-sporulating cells of Bacillus thuringiensis.

Cell differentiation within an isogenic population allows the specialisation of subpopulations and a division of labour. Bacillus thuringiensis is a spore-forming bacterium that produces insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry proteins) in sporulating cells. We recently reported that strain B.

Vip1 Functions as a Receptor of Vip2 Toxin for Binary Insecticidal Activity against .

is a well-known entomopathogenic bacterium that produces vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips, including Vip1, Vip2, Vip3, and Vip4) during the vegetative phase. Here, we purified Vip1 and Vip2 from and characterized the insecticidal effects of these protoxins. Bioassay results showed that a 1:1 mixture of Vip1Ad and Vip2Ag, purified by ion-affinity chromatography independently, exhibited insecticidal activity against larvae, with a 50% lethal concentration value of 2.

Effect of the spoIIID mutation on mother cell lysis in Bacillus thuringiensis.

SpoIIID is a small, sequence-specific DNA-binding protein which can direct many genes' transcription and has an effect on spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. We investigated the role of SpoIIID in mother cell lysis in Bacillus thuringiensis. A β-galactosidase assay based on the promoter fusions with lacZ indicated that the sigK gene was positively regulated by SpoIIID and σ negatively regulated the expression of sigE.

Expression of cry genes in Bacillus thuringiensis biotechnology.

Bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that produces insecticidal crystal proteins during sporulation. The production of these crystals results primarily from the expression of cry genes. In this review, we focus on the expression and application of cry genes directed by both cry gene promoters and non-cry gene promoters in different hosts.

Protaetia brevitarsis larvae can efficiently convert herbaceous and ligneous plant residues to humic acids.

Utilization of the organic residues produced after crop harvesting is currently an important issue across the world. The edible insect Protaetia brevitarsis larvae can feed various organic matters. In this paper, we investigated the potential to utilize the insect to convert herbaceous and ligneous plant residues.

Cry78Aa, a novel Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein with activity against Laodelphax striatellus and Nilaparvata lugens.

Transgenic plants expressing insecticidal proteins originating from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have successfully been used to control lepidopteran and coleopteran pests with chewing mouthparts. However, only a handful of Bt proteins have been identified that have bioactivity against sap sucking pests (Hemiptera), including aphids, whiteflies, plant bugs and planthoppers. A novel Bt insecticidal protein with significant toxicity against a hemipteran insect pest is described here.

Specific binding between Cry9Aa and Vip3Aa toxins synergizes their toxicity against Asiatic rice borer ().

The bacterium produces several insecticidal proteins, such as the crystal proteins (Cry) and the vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip). In this work, we report that a specific interaction between two toxins creates insecticidal synergism and unravel the molecular basis of this interaction. When applied together, the three-domain Cry toxin Cry9Aa and the Vip Vip3Aa exhibited high insecticidal activity against an important insect pest, the Asiatic rice borer ().

A strong promoter of a non-cry gene directs expression of the cry1Ac gene in Bacillus thuringiensis.

Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria show insecticidal activities that rely upon the production of insecticidal crystal proteins, which are encoded by cry or cyt genes and can target a variety of insect pests. It has been shown that cry1Ac is the only cry gene in B. thuringiensis subsp.

Novel Cell Wall Hydrolase CwlC from Bacillus thuringiensis Is Essential for Mother Cell Lysis.

In this study, a sporulation-specific gene (tentatively named ) involved in mother cell lysis in was characterized. The encoded CwlC protein consists of an N-terminal -acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase (MurAc-LAA) domain and a C-terminal amidase02 domain. The recombinant histidine-tagged CwlC proteins purified from were able to directly bind to and digest the cell wall.