Vaccine Specifically for Immunocompromised Individuals against Superbugs.

Immunocompromised populations, including cancer patients, elderly individuals, and those with chronic diseases, are the primary targets of superbugs. Traditional vaccines are less effective due to insufficient or impaired immune cells. Inspired by the "vanguard" effect of neutrophils (NE) during natural infection, this project leverages the ability of NE to initiate the NETosis program to recruit monocytes and DC cells, designing vaccines that can rapidly recruit immune cells and enhance the immune response.

Research on the movement pattern and kinematic model of the hindlegs of the water boatman.

The special hindleg structure and swimming setae of a water boatman give it a high degree of maneuverability, which plays an important role in swimming. This paper used a high-speed photography platform to extract key points from videos, obtaining the forward and turning movement patterns of the water boatman's hindlegs, as well as the transformation patterns of the setae. A Fourier series was used to establish the movement models of each hindleg joint, and a kinematic model of the hindlegs was established to study the continuous movement characteristics of the hindlegs.

Conversion hip arthroplasty for failed nailing of intertrochanteric fracture: Reflections on some important aspects.

In this editorial, I present my comments on the article by Solarino . Conversion hip arthroplasty, which is an optional salvage procedure performed following unsuccessful fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly patients, entails more complex processes and higher rates of operative complications than primary arthroplasty. Hence, it is important to consider the appropriateness of the primary treatment choice, as well as the adequacy of nailing fixation for intertrochanteric fractures.

Minimally-invasive excision of a scapular osteochondroma on the ventral surface: A case report and literature review.

Key Clinical Message: Osteochondroma on the ventral scapula is clinically rare and can incur pseudo-winged scapula and snapping syndrome if not treated. In this regard, surgical excision is suggested, if possible, with a minimally invasive approach to accelerate physical recovery.

Abstract: Osteochondroma is a common benign bone tumor, characterized by a cartilage-capped osseous protuberance with cortical and medullary continuity with the underlying native bone.

Surgical treatment of an old avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity and ischial ramus: A case report.

Background: Avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity is a relatively clinically rare type of trauma that is mainly incurred by adolescents during competitive sports activities. According to previous literature, the most commonly involved sports are soccer, sprinting, and gymnastics, in descending order. Dance-induced avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity and ischial ramus is extremely clinically rare.

Precisely Regulating M2 Subtype Macrophages for Renal Fibrosis Resolution.

Macrophages are central to the pathogenesis of kidney disease and serve as an effective therapeutic target for kidney injury and fibrosis. Among them, M2-type macrophages have double-edged effects regarding anti-inflammatory effects and tissue repair. Depending on the polarization of the M2 subtypes (M2a or M2c) in the diseased microenvironment, they can either mediate normal tissue repair or drive tissue fibrosis.

AZI2 mediates TBK1 activation at unresolved selective autophagy cargo receptor complexes with implications for CD8 T-cell infiltration in breast cancer.

Most breast cancers do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and there is an urgent need to identify novel sensitization strategies. Herein, we uncovered that activation of the TBK-IFN pathway that is mediated by the TBK1 adapter protein AZI2 is a potent strategy for this purpose. Our initial observations showed that RB1CC1 depletion leads to accumulation of AZI2, in puncta along with selective macroautophagy/autophagy cargo receptors, which are both required for TBK1 activation.

Adaptive tracking control for nonlinear systems with uncertain control gains and its application to a TCP/AQM network.

This paper is concerned with the adaptive tracking control problem for nonlinear systems with virtual control coefficients including known and unknown items. The known items are employed for controller design directly, such that more information is utilized to achieve better performance. To deal with the unknown items, a novel real control law is firstly constructed by introducing an auxiliary system.

Autophagy-dependent expression of osteopontin and its downstream Stat3 signaling contributes to lymphatic malformation progression to lymphangiosarcoma.

Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a vascular anomaly from lymphatic endothelial cells (ECs), and a fraction of the patients could progress to the deadly malignant lymphangiosarcoma (LAS). Using genetic tools to delete an essential autophagy gene Rb1cc1/FIP200 or its mutation specifically blocking its autophagy function, we demonstrated that autophagy inhibition abrogated LM progression to LAS although not affecting LM formation in our recently developed mouse model of LAS. Analysis of the mouse models in vivo and vascular tumor cells in vitro showed that autophagy inhibition reduced vascular tumor cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo without affecting mTORC1 signaling as an oncogenic driver directly.

A Clinically-Achievable Injectable and Sprayable Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Platform in Treating Hormone-Sensitive and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

When it comes to long-acting injections, lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are considered as an effective and powerful drug delivery technology due to their low manufacturing and injection difficulty, consistent releasing behaviors with low burst, as well as broadly applicable drug loading capacity. However, monoolein and phytantriol, as two widely used LLC-forming materials, may give rise to tissue cytotoxicity and undesired immunological responses, which may hinder the wide application of this technology. In this study, we opted for two ingredients, phosphatidylcholine and α-tocopherol, as carriers on account of their nature-obtainable and biocompatible qualities.

Autophagy inhibition prevents lymphatic malformation progression to lymphangiosarcoma by decreasing osteopontin and Stat3 signaling.

Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a vascular anomaly originating from lymphatic endothelial cells (ECs). While it mostly remains a benign disease, a fraction of LM patients progresses to malignant lymphangiosarcoma (LAS). However, very little is known about underlying mechanisms regulating LM malignant transformation to LAS.

Recruiting T cells and sensitizing tumors to NKG2D immune surveillance for robust antitumor immune response.

Although recruiting T cells to convert cold tumors into hot can prevent some tumors from evading immune surveillance, tumors have evolved more mechanisms to achieve immune evasion, such as downregulating major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) molecules expression to prevent T cells from recognizing tumor-antigens, or secreting immune suppression cytokines that disable T cells. Tumor immune evasion not only promotes tumor growth, but also weakens the efficacy of existing tumor immunotherapies. Therefore, recruiting T cells while reshaping innate immunity plays an important role in preventing tumor immune escape.

Duck Enteritis Virus Inhibits the cGAS-STING DNA-Sensing Pathway To Evade the Innate Immune Response.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a key DNA sensor, detects cytosolic viral DNA and activates the adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to initiate interferon (IFN) production and host innate antiviral responses. Duck enteritis virus (DEV) is a duck alphaherpesvirus that causes an acute and contagious disease with high mortality in waterfowl. In the present study, we found that DEV inhibits host innate immune responses during the late phase of viral infection.

Regulation of RB1CC1/FIP200 stability and autophagy function by CREBBP-mediated acetylation in an intrinsically disordered region.

RB1CC1/FIP200 is an essential macroautophagy/autophagy protein that plays an important role in a variety of biological and disease processes through its canonical autophagy-dependent and -independent functions. However, it remains largely unknown whether post-translational modifications could regulate RB1CC1 and its associated autophagy functions. Here, we report acetylation of several lysine residues of RB1CC1 by acetyltransferase CREBBP (CREB binding protein), with K276 as the major CREBBP acetylation site.

Duck Enteritis Virus Protein Kinase US3 Inhibits DNA Sensing Signaling by Phosphorylating Interferon Regulatory Factor 7.

The cytosolic DNA sensing pathway mediates innate immune defense against infection by many DNA viruses; however, viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade the host immune response. Duck enteritis virus (DEV) causes an acute and contagious disease with high mortality in waterfowl. The mechanisms employed by DEV to block the DNA sensing pathway are not well understood.

Prognostic value of preoperative P-CRP in patients with osteosarcoma: A retrospective study of 101 cases.

This study aimed to investigate the value of the product of peripheral blood platelet and serum C-reactive protein (P-CRP), an inflammatory indicator, for the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. Patients with osteosarcoma who were diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China, between January 2012 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate the optimal cut-off values for inflammatory indicators such as P-CRP, the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/Alb), the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in the peripheral blood of patients before treatment.

Isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the ulna in an immunocompetent patient: A case report.

Background: Cryptococcal osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by cryptococcus. As an opportunistic infection, bone cryptococcosis usually occurs in patients with immunodeficiency diseases or in those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy and often displays characteristics of disseminated disease. Isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis is extremely unusual in immunocompetent person.

Recombinant Duck Enteritis Virus-Vectored Bivalent Vaccine Effectively Protects Against Duck Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Ducks.

Duck enteritis virus (DEV) and duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) are prevalent duck pathogens, causing significant economic losses in the duck industry annually. Using a fosmid-based rescue system, we generated two DEV recombinants, rDEV-UL26/27-P13C and rDEV-US7/8-P13C, in which the P1 and 3C genes from DHAV type 3 (DHAV-3) were inserted into the DEV genome between genes UL26 and UL27 or genes US7 and US8. We inserted a self-cleaving 2A-element between P1 and 3C, allowing the production of both proteins from a single open reading frame.

The Characterization of a Subependymal Giant Astrocytoma-Like Cell Line from Murine Astrocyte with mTORC1 Hyperactivation.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder caused by inactivating mutations in TSC1 (hamartin) or TSC2 (tuberin), crucial negative regulators of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. TSC affects multiple organs including the brain. The neurologic manifestation is characterized by cortical tubers, subependymal nodules (SEN), and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in brain.

Autophagy mediated lipid catabolism facilitates glioma progression to overcome bioenergetic crisis.

Background: Activation of mTORC1 plays a significant role in cancer development and progression. However, the metabolic mechanisms to sustain mTORC1 activation of cancer cells within stressed environments are still under-appreciated. We recently revealed high autophagy activity in tumour cells with mTORC1 hyper-activation.

Evaluation of the Liver Disease Information in Baidu Encyclopedia and Wikipedia: Longitudinal Study.

Background: The internet has changed the way of people acquiring health information. Previous studies have shown that Wikipedia is a reasonably reliable medical resource, and it has been ranked higher than other general websites in various search engines. Baidu Encyclopedia is one of the most popular encyclopedia websites in China.

Autophagic lipid metabolism sustains mTORC1 activity in TSC-deficient neural stem cells.

Although mTORC1 negatively regulates autophagy in cultured cells, how autophagy impacts mTORC1 signaling, in particular in vivo, is less clear. Here we show that autophagy supports mTORC1 hyperactivation in NSCs lacking Tsc1, thereby promoting defects in NSC maintenance, differentiation, tumourigenesis, and the formation of the neurodevelopmental lesion of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Analysing mice that lack Tsc1 and the essential autophagy gene Fip200 in NSCs we find that TSC-deficient cells require autophagy to maintain mTORC1 hyperactivation under energy stress conditions, likely to provide lipids via lipophagy to serve as an alternative energy source for OXPHOS.

Laparoscopic Enucleation of Hepatic Cysts Reduces the Recurrence of Nonparasitic Hepatic Cysts.

Standard treatments for nonparasitic hepatic cysts (NPHCs) include laparoscopic deroofing (LD), percutaneous aspiration, and alcohol sclerotherapy. However, these treatments have limitations. LD and alcohol sclerotherapy, for example, fail to prevent NPHC recurrences, although alcohol sclerotherapy is satisfactorily effective in treating small cysts (diameter <5 cm), which do not usually need treatment.