Relationships between promoter methylation and gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

A DNA repair enzyme, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (), plays an important role in the development of gastric cancers. However, the role of promoter methylation in the occurrence of gastric cancer and its relationships with clinicopathologic characteristics has not been fully clarified. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between promoter methylation and gastric cancer.

Ability of TEP1 in intestinal flora to modulate natural resistance of Anopheles dirus.

Blocking transmission of malaria is a reliable way to control and eliminate infection. However, in-depth knowledge of the interaction between Plasmodium and mosquito is needed. Studies suggest that innate immunity is the main mechanism inhibiting development of malaria parasites in the mosquito.

[Function of TEP1 gene during Plasmodium yoelii infection in Anopheles dirus].

Objective: To study the role of TEP1 gene from Anopheles dirns during Plasmodium yoelii infection by RNA interference.

Methods: TEP1 primers with T7 promoter were designed based on the sequence of An. dirus TEP1 gene from GenBank database.

Differential proteins of the optic ganglion in octopus vulgaris under methanol stress revealed using proteomics.

An analytical approach using the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) technique separated the proteome from the optic ganglia of Octopus vulgaris (OVOG). Approximately 600 protein spots were detected from the extraction when applying 150 μg protein to a 2D-PAGE gel in the pH range 5.0-8.

Plasmodium yoelii: correlation of TEP1 with mosquito melanization induced by nitroquine.

The antimalarial drug nitroquine is not only an effective antimalarial drug, it is also able to induce the melanization of Plasmodium species. However, the molecular mechanisms of the recognition reaction induced by this drug remain unclear. Silencing of thioester-containing protein-1 (TEP1) significantly compromised the ability of Anopheles gambiae to melanize the Plasmodium, leading to investigation of the involvement of A.

Plasmodium yoelii: influence of immune modulators on the development of the liver stage.

Plasmodium sporozoites suppress the respiratory burst and antigen presentation of Kupffer cells, which are regarded as the portal of invasion into hepatocytes. It is not known whether immune modulation of Kupffer cells can affect the liver stage. In the present study, we found that sporozoites inoculated into Wistar rats could be detected in the liver, spleen, and lung; however, most sporozoites were arrested in the liver.

[Correlation of Anopheles TEP1 gene with melanization induced by nitroquine].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the TEP1 gene of Anopheles stephensi and melanotic encapsulation of Plasmodium yoelii induced by anti-malaria drug nitroquine.

Methods: Haemolymph samples from three groups of An. stephensi fed with sucrose solution, Plasmodium-infected blood and nitroquine, respectively, were collected at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day after drug administration.

Involvement of prophenoloxidases in the suppression of Plasmodium yoelii development by Anopheles dirus.

Anopheles dirus is refractory to a rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, and melanized oocysts are manifested in infected mosquitoes. Prophenoloxidase (PPO) is a zymogen whose active form mediates melanotic encapsulation of invading pathogens in mosquitoes. In this study, we cloned cDNA fragments of four An.

[Inhibition of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide on the development of pre-erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium].

Objective: To study the role of cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) on the development of Plasmodium liver stage.

Methods: Plasmodium yoelii BY265 18S rRNA was cloned, and the TaqMan real-time PCR was established on P. yoelii BY265 18S rRNA and mouse GAPDH as quantitative analysis model.

Plasmodium yoelii: correlation of up-regulated prophenoloxidase and phenoloxidases with melanization induced by the antimalarial, nitroquine.

Although knowledge of the mosquito immune response has recently improved, less is known about the impact of antimalarial drugs on mosquito immunity. In the present study, we found that nitroquine, an effective antimalaria drug, could also induce melanotic encapsulation of Plasmodium by Anopheles stephensi. The melanization rate of the nitroquine treated group was 60.

Plasmodium yoelii: contribution of oocysts melanization to natural refractoriness in Anopheles dirus.

It is well known that Anopheles dirus is naturally refractory to rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, but the mechanism is still largely unknown. Here, we found that some P. yoelii taken into An.

Two serine proteases from Anopheles dirus haemocytes exhibit changes in transcript abundance after infection of an incompatible rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii.

Serine proteases are involved in regulation of innate immune responses, such as haemolymph coagulation, melanization reaction and antimicrobial peptide synthesis. Although several serine proteases have been characterized in Anopheles gambiae (A. gambiae), few were cloned from other malaria vectors.

[Cloning, location and differential analysis of transcription factor Relish gene from Anopheles stephensi under different feeding conditions].

Objective: To clone, locate and differentially analyze the transcription factor Relish gene from Anopheles stephensi, and to examine its signals-modulating action on prophenoloxidase cascade and melanization of Plasmodium yoelii oocysts.

Methods: Relish cDNA of total mosquitoes was amplified by RT-PCR with degenerated primers. Target PCR product was purified, cloned, sequenced and identified.

[A family history of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscle with autosomal dominant inheritance].

To discover novel disease genes, a family with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscle was studied by a follow-up investigation, eye examinations and histo-pathological examination. There were fifteen cases suffering from congenital general fibrosis syndrome in four generations. They have congenital blepharoptosis, head tilt, chin lift, primary gaze fixed in a hypo- and exotropic position.

[Assay of haemolymph protein concentration in Anopheles stephensi].

Objective: To ascertain the changes of haemolymph protein concentration in adult Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes under different feeding conditions.

Methods: Haemolymph samples from four groups of adult An. stephensi, fed with sucrose solution, normal blood, plasmodium-infected blood and nitroquine, respectively, were collected by expulsion method.

[The internal control role of ribosomal protein S7 in the defense of Anopheles dirus against Plasmodium infection].

Objective: To investigate the role of ribosomal protein S7 (rpS7) in the defense of Anopheles dirus against infection.

Methods: rpS7 was amplified from Anopheles dirus hemocytes with degenerated primers designed according to the conservative region of S7, rpS7 was then cloned using T/A cloning kit and the inserted fragment was sequenced. The difference of the transcript abundance of rpS7 from Anopheles dirus hemocyte among non-blood-fed (N), normal-blood-fed (B) and Plasmodium yoelii infected groups (I) was also analyzed by RT-PCR and gel scanning system at d1, d2, d3, d4, d7 and d11 after blood feeding.

[cDNA cloning and location of Pagumogonimus skrj abini cysteine protease].

Objective: To clone the cysteine protease cDNA fragment from Pagumogonimus skrjabini adults and locate the tissue of the adult worm where cysteine protease is expressed.

Methods: The cysteine protease cDNA fragment was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with degenerated primers. The production was TA-cloned into the pUCm-T vector and sequenced.