[Development of a high-throughput suspension microarray technology for detection of three kinds of veterinary drug residues: chloramphenicol, clenbuterol and 17-beta-estradiol].

Objective: To establish a novel suspension microarray technology for the detection of three kinds of veterinary drug residues: chloramphenicol, clenbuterol and 17-beta-estradiol (CAP, CL and E2).

Methods: The three conjugates that veterinary drug coupled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were synthesized and identified by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry and mass spectrum. The veterinary drug conjugates were immobilized on the polystyrene fluorescent microspheres/beads.

Oxidative damage to lung tissue and peripheral blood in endotracheal PM2.5-treated rats.

Objective: To investigate the oxidative damage to lung tissue and peripherial blood in PM2.5-treated rats.

Methods: PM2.

Directed molecular evolution of nitrite oxido-reductase by DNA-shuffling.

Objective: To develop directly molecular evolution of nitrite oxido-reductase using DNA-shuffling technique because nitrobacteria grow extremely slow and are unable to nitrify effectively inorganic nitrogen in wastewater treatment.

Methods: The norB gene coding the ndtrite oxido-reductase in nitrobacteria was cloned and sequenced. Then, directed molecular evolution of nitrite oxido-reductase was developed by DNA-shuffling of 15 norB genes from different nitrobacteria.

Development and application of an oligonucleotide microarray for the detection of food-borne bacterial pathogens.

The rapid and accurate detection and identification of food-borne pathogenic bacteria is critical for food safety. In this paper, we describe a rapid (<4 h) high-throughput detection and identification system that uses universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers to amplify a variable region of bacterial the 16S rRNA gene, followed by reverse hybridization of the products to species-specific oligonucleotide probes on a chip. This procedure was successful in discriminating 204 strains of bacteria from pure culture belonging to 13 genera of bacteria.

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by D-fraction from Grifola frondosa: synergistic effect of combination with interferon-alpha in HepG2 2.2.15.

In this study, D-fraction extracted from Grifola frondosa (GF-D) and its combination with human interferon alpha-2b (IFN) were investigated for the inhibitory effect on hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HepG2 2.2.15 cells (2.

Detection and identification of intestinal pathogenic bacteria by hybridization to oligonucleotide microarrays.

Aim: To detect the common intestinal pathogenic bacteria quickly and accurately.

Methods: A rapid (<3 h) experimental procedure was set up based upon the gene chip technology. Target genes were amplified and hybridized by oligonucleotide microarrays.

Effects of formaldehyde inhalation on lung of rats.

Objective: To analyze protein changes in the lung of Wistar rats exposed to gaseous formaldehyde (FA) at 32-37 mg/m3 for 4 h/day for 15 days using proteomics technique.

Methods: Lung samples were solubilized and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and gel patterns were scanned and analyzed for detection of differently expressed protein spots. These protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and NCBInr protein database searching.

Excretion and detection of SARS coronavirus and its nucleic acid from digestive system.

Aim: To study whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) could be excreted from digestive system.

Methods: Cell culture and semi-nested RT-PCR were used to detect SARS-CoV and its RNA from 21 stool and urine samples, and a kind of electropositive filter media particles was used to concentrate the virus in 10 sewage samples from two hospitals receiving SARS patients in Beijing in China.

Results: It was demonstrated that there was no live SARS-CoV in all samples collected, but the RNA of SARS-CoV could be detected in seven stool samples from SARS patients with any one of the symptoms of fever, malaise, cough, or dyspnea, in 10 sewage samples before disinfection and 3 samples after disinfection from the two hospitals.

Preparation of immunomagnetic iron-dextran nanoparticles and application in rapid isolation of E.coli O157:H7 from foods.

Aim: To prepare a kind of magnetic iron-dextran nanoparticles that was coated with anti-E.coli O157:H7 IgG, analyze its application conditions, and try to use it to isolate E.coli O157:H7 from foods.

Concentration and detection of SARS coronavirus in sewage from Xiao Tang Shan Hospital and the 309th Hospital.

The transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is associated with close contact to SARS patients and droplet secretions of those patients. The finding of positive RT-PCR results from stools of SARS patients suggests that stools of SARS patients or sewage containing stools of patients could transmit SARS-CoV. We used a novel style of electropositive filter media particle to concentrate the SARS-CoV from the sewage of two hospitals receiving SARS patients in Beijing.

8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage induced by environmental tobacco side-stream smoke and its mechanism.

Objective: To study the genotoxicity effect of environmental tobacco side-stream smokes (ETSS) on oxidative DNA damage and its molecular mechanism.

Methods: DNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. The level of 8-OHdG in DNA exposed to ETSS was detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

Study on the resistance of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus.

In this study, the persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was observed in feces, urine and water. In addition, the inactivation of SARS-CoV in wastewater with sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide was also studied. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the virus could only persist for 2 days in hospital wastewater, domestic sewage and dechlorinated tap water, while 3 days in feces, 14 days in PBS and 17 days in urine at 20 degrees C.

[The effects of DNA damage induced by acetaldehyde].

The effects of DNA damage induced by the typical environmental pollutant acetaldehyde were studied with single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). The results showed that acetaldehyde not only could cause DNA strand breakage but also DNA-DNA, DNA-protein crosslinks of lymphocytes of human peripheral blood. The reaction of acetaldehyde with DNA in vitro was weak, but the oxidative ability was enhanced and the reaction could produce a number of 8-OHdG adducts mediated by the Fe2+.

[Detection of RNA of SARS coronavirus in hospital sewage].

Objective: In order to explore the existence of SARS coronavirus (Co-V) and/or its RNA in sewage of hospitals administered SARS patients.

Methods: A novel electropositive filter was used to concentrate the SARS-CoV from the sewage of two hospitals administered SARS patients in Beijing, including twelve 2,500 ml sewage samples from the hospitals before disinfection, and ten 25,000 ml samples after disinfection; as well as cell culture, RT-PCR and sequencing of gene to detect and identify the viruses from sewage.

Results: There was no live SARS-CoV detected in the sewage in this study.

A study on detecting and identifying enteric pathogens with PCR.

Objective: To develop a rapid and definite diagnostic test of bacterial enteritis caused by pathogenic enterobacteria, the most frequent etiologic agent of infectious enteritis in the world.

Methods: A set of conventional PCR assays were applied to detect and identify salmonella, shigella, and E. coli O157:H7 directly from pure culture and fecal samples.

Mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis A virus in water by chlorine dioxide.

In this study, to elucidate the mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) by chlorine dioxide, cell culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and long-overlapping RT-PCR were used to detect the infectivity, antigenicity, and entire genome of HAV before and after disinfection. The results revealed the complete inactivation of infectivity after a 10-min exposure to 7.5mg of chlorine dioxide per liter; and the highest level of sensitivity in the 5'non-translated regions (5'NTR) (the sequence from bp 1 to 671), inactivation of which took as much time as the inactivation of infectivity of HAV by chlorine dioxide; the complete destruction of antigenicity after a 10-min exposure to 7.

[Attenuation of chronic stress-induced hippocampal damages following physical exercise].

The long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the plasma glucocorticoids level were observed in rats to study the effects of physical exercise on chronic stress-induced hippocampal damages. Eight-week spontaneous wheel running exercise could attenuate the suppression of LTP induced by 21-day restraint stress, and maintain the normal plasma glucocorticoids levels. It is suggested that long-term physical exercise may protect the hippocampus from stress-induced damages.

Mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis a virus by chlorine.

The study was intended to investigate the feasibility of reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for evaluation of the efficacy of inactivation of viruses in water and to elucidate the mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) by chlorine. Cell culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and long-overlap RT-PCR were used to detect the infectivity, antigenicity, and entire genome of HAV inactivated or destroyed by chlorine. The cell culture results revealed the complete inactivation of infectivity after 30 min of exposure to 10 or 20 mg of chlorine per liter and the highest level of sensitivity in the 5' nontranslated regions (5'NTR), inactivation of which took as much time as the inactivation of infectivity of HAV by chlorine.

Detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus in water by consensus primer multiplex RT-PCR.

Aim: To develop a rapid detection method of enteroviruses and Hepatitis A virus (HAV).

Methods: A one-step, single-tube consensus primers multiplex RT-PCR was developed to simultaneously detect Poliovirus, Coxsackie virus, Echovirus and HAV. A general upstream primer and a HAV primer and four different sets of primers (5 primers) specific for Poliovirus, Coxsacki evirus, Echovirus and HAV cDNA were mixed in the PCR mixture to reverse transcript and amplify the target DNA.