Chemodivergent Synthesis of One-Carbon-Extended Alcohols via Copper-Catalyzed Hydroxymethylation of Alkynes with Formic Acid.

The development of selective catalytic reactions that utilize easily available reagents for the efficient synthesis of alcohols is a long-standing goal of chemical research. Here an intriguing strategy for the chemodivergent copper-catalyzed hydroxymethylation of alkynes with formic acid and hydrosilane has been developed. By simply tuning the amount of formic acid and reaction temperature, distinct one-carbon-extended primary alcohols, that is, allylic alcohols and β-branched alkyl alcohols, were produced with high levels of Z/E-, regio-, and enantioselectivity.

CO Capture and Catalytic Transformation.

The escalating rate of fossil fuel combustion contributes to excessive CO emission and the resulting global climate change has drawn considerable attention. Therefore, tremendous efforts have been devoted to mitigate the CO accumulation in the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) strategy has been regarded as one of the promising options for controlling CO build-up.

Ionic Liquids Catalysis for Carbon Dioxide Conversion With Nucleophiles.

Carbon dioxide, as a promising C synthon, has attracted great interest in organic synthesis. Due to the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO, developing efficient strategies for CO activation and subsequent conversion is very crucial. In this context, Ionic liquids (ILs) show great potential for capturing and activating CO owing to their unique structures and properties, making them become ideal alternatives to volatile organic solvents and/or catalysts for CO transformation.

Directly Bridging Indoles to 3,3'-Bisindolylmethanes by Using Carboxylic Acids and Hydrosilanes under Mild Conditions.

A straightforward Lewis acid-promoted protocol for 3,3'-bisindolylmethanes (BIMs) synthesis by reductive alkylation of indoles at the C3 position with carboxylic acids in the presence of hydrosilane was developed for the first time. Instead of aldehydes, more readily available, stable, and easy-to-handle carboxylic acids have been employed as alternative alkylating agents. As an efficient organocatalyst, B(C F ) enables the reductive alkylation of various substituted indole derivatives with carboxylic acids with up to 98 % yield at room temperature and under neat conditions.

Betaine Catalysis for Hierarchical Reduction of CO with Amines and Hydrosilane To Form Formamides, Aminals, and Methylamines.

An efficient, sustainable organocatalyst, glycine betaine, was developed for the reductive functionalization of CO with amines and diphenylsilane. Methylamines and formamides were obtained in high yield by tuning the CO pressure and reaction temperature. Based on identification of the key intermediate, that is, the aminal, an alternative mechanism for methylation involving the C silyl acetal and aminal is proposed.

[Clinical observation on the influence of earthquake crush injury on postoperative wound healing of extremity fractures].

Objective: To observe the influence of earthquake crush injury on postoperative wound healing of extremity fractures.

Methods: The study involved 85 patients with extremities fracture underwent internal fixation operation in 3 group, including 28 earthquake casualties with crush injuries in observation group, 27 earthquake casualties without crush injuries in control I group and 30 local patients during the same period in control II group. Urine routine, blood creatine kinase (CK) and wound conditions of patients in 3 groups were observed respectively.