Flash healing of laser-induced graphene.

The advancement of laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has streamlined the fabrications of flexible graphene devices. However, the ultrafast kinetics triggered by laser irradiation generates intrinsic amorphous characteristics, leading to high resistivity and compromised performance in electronic devices. Healing graphene defects in specific patterns is technologically challenging by conventional methods.

Multislip-enabled morphing of all-inorganic perovskites.

All-inorganic lead halide perovskites (CsPbX, X = Cl, Br or I) are becoming increasingly important for energy conversion and optoelectronics because of their outstanding performance and enhanced environmental stability. Morphing perovskites into specific shapes and geometries without damaging their intrinsic functional properties is attractive for designing devices and manufacturing. However, inorganic semiconductors are often intrinsically brittle at room temperature, except for some recently reported layered or van der Waals semiconductors.

Radiomics-based survival risk stratification of glioblastoma is associated with different genome alteration.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a remarkable heterogeneous tumor with few non-invasive, repeatable, and cost-effective prognostic biomarkers reported. In this study, we aim to explore the association between radiomic features and prognosis and genomic alterations in GBM.

Methods: A total of 180 GBM patients (training cohort: n = 119; validation cohort 1: n = 37; validation cohort 2: n = 24) were enrolled and underwent preoperative MRI scans.

Direct Visualization of the Self-Alignment Process for Nanostructured Block Copolymer Thin Films by Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Herein, this work aims to directly visualize the morphological evolution of the controlled self-assembly of star-block polystyrene--polydimethylsiloxane (PS--PDMS) thin films via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. With an environmental chip, possessing a built-in metal wire-based microheater fabricated by the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technique, in situ TEM observations can be conducted under low-dose conditions to investigate the development of film-spanning perpendicular cylinders in the block copolymer (BCP) thin films via a self-alignment process. Owing to the free-standing condition, a symmetric condition of the BCP thin films can be formed for thermal annealing under vacuum with neutral air surface, whereas an asymmetric condition can be formed by an air plasma treatment on one side of the thin film that creates an end-capped neutral layer.

Probing the Boundary between Classical and Quantum Mechanics by Analyzing the Energy Dependence of Single-Electron Scattering Events at the Nanoscale.

The relation between the energy-dependent particle and wave descriptions of electron-matter interactions on the nanoscale was analyzed by measuring the delocalization of an evanescent field from energy-filtered amplitude images of sample/vacuum interfaces with a special aberration-corrected electron microscope. The spatial field extension coincided with the energy-dependent self-coherence length of propagating wave packets that obeyed the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, and underwent a Goos-Hänchen shift. The findings support the view that wave packets are created by self-interferences during coherent-inelastic Coulomb interactions with a decoherence phase close to Δ = 0.

Development and preliminary validation of Cancer-related Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire.

The Cancer-related Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (CPFQ) was developed and validated for assessing cancer patients' psychological flexibility, including attitudes and behavior toward cancer. In a systematic process, the CPFQ identified four factors through principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis: Cancer Acceptance, Cancer Avoidance, Activity Engagement, and Valued Action. The results of this study reveal that the CPFQ has a clear factor structure and good psychometric properties.

Second Near-Infrared (NIR-II) Window for Imaging-Navigated Modulation of Brain Structure and Function.

For a long time, optical imaging of the deep brain with high resolution has been a challenge. Recently, with the advance in second near-infrared (NIR-II) bioimaging techniques and imaging contrast agents, NIR-II window bioimaging has attracted great attention to monitoring deeper biological or pathophysiological processes with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatiotemporal resolution. Assisted with NIR-II bioimaging, the modulation of structure and function of brain is promising to be noninvasive and more precise.

In Situ Growth of Iron Sulfide on Fast Charge Transfer V C-MXene for Superior Sodium Storage Anodes.

Due to the upstream pressure of lithium resources, low-cost sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have become the most potential candidates for energy storage systems in the new era. However, anode materials of SIBs have always been a major problem in their development. To address this, V C/Fe S @C composites with hierarchical structures prepared via an in situ synthesis method are proposed here.

Tracking of Crystal-Surface-Dependent CuO Nanoparticle Dissolution in an Aqueous Environment.

Metal-oxide-based nanoparticles (MONPs) such as CuO NPs have attracted growing attention, but the potential discharges of MONPs have raised considerable concern of their environmental fate including their dissolution behavior. The impacts of morphology on MONP dissolution are largely uncertain due to the lack of tracking techniques. In this study, we combined a series of technologies including liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence probes to reveal the dissolution process of CuO NPs in freshwater.

Molecular and functional analysis of chitin synthase genes in Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, has developed a high level of resistance to many of the compounds currently used for control. There is therefore an urgent need to develop novel control methods for C. suppressalis.

The overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes confers buprofezin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).

Background: Buprofezin, an insect growth regulator, has been widely used to control brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, one of the most destructive pests of rice crops in Asia. The intensive use of this compound has resulted in very high levels of resistance to buprofezin in the field, however, the underpinning mechanisms of resistance have not been fully resolved.

Results: Insecticide bioassays using the P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide significantly synergized the toxicity of buprofezin in two resistant strains of BPH (BPR and YC2017) compared to a susceptible strain (Sus), suggesting P450s play a role in resistance to this compound.

Vacuum-Driven Orientation of Nanostructured Diblock Copolymer Thin Films.

This work aims to demonstrate a facile method for the controlled orientation of nanostructures of block copolymer (BCP) thin films. A simple diblock copolymer system, polystyrene--polydimethylsiloxane (PS--PDMS), is chosen to demonstrate vacuum-driven orientation for solving the notorious low-surface-energy problem of silicon-based BCP nanopatterning. By taking advantage of the pressure dependence of the surface tension of polymeric materials, a neutral air surface for the PS--PDMS thin film can be formed under a high vacuum degree (∼10 Pa), allowing the formation of the film-spanning perpendicular cylinders and lamellae upon thermal annealing.

Probing atom dynamics of excited Co-Mo-S nanocrystals in 3D.

Advances in electron microscopy have enabled visualizations of the three-dimensional (3D) atom arrangements in nano-scale objects. The observations are, however, prone to electron-beam-induced object alterations, so tracking of single atoms in space and time becomes key to unravel inherent structures and properties. Here, we introduce an analytical approach to quantitatively account for atom dynamics in 3D atomic-resolution imaging.

[Correlations between content of linarin in Chrysanthemum indicum and climatic factors in habitats].

Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF), the capitulum of Chrysanthemum indicum, is widely used in proprietary Chinese medicine and daily chemical products. At present, CIF is mainly produced from wild resources and rarely cultivated. This study aims to reveal the correlations between linarin content in CIF and climatic factors in different habitats, and provide a theoretical basis for suitable zoning and rational production of medicinal materials.

Weaker bonding can give larger thermal conductance at highly mismatched interfaces.

Thermal boundary conductance is typically positively correlated with interfacial adhesion at the interface. Here, we demonstrate a counterintuitive experimental result in which a weak van der Waals interface can give a higher thermal boundary conductance than a strong covalently bonded interface. This occurs in a system with highly mismatched vibrational frequencies (copper/diamond) modified by a self-assembled monolayer.

Facet-Dependent Cobalt Ion Distribution on the CoO Nanocatalyst Surface.

CoO is an important catalyst widely used for CO oxidation or electrochemical water oxidation near room temperature and was also recently used as support for single-atom catalysts (SACs). CoO with a spinel structure hosts dual oxidation states of Co and Co in the lattice, leading to the complexity of its surface structure as the exposure of Co and Co has a significant impact on the performance of the catalysts. Although it is acknowledged that different facets exhibit varied catalytic activities and different abilities in hosting single atoms to provide active centers in SACs, the CoO surface structure remains under-investigated.

Combination of levetiracetam and IFN-α increased temozolomide efficacy in MGMT-positive glioma.

Purpose: Glioma, especially glioblastoma (GBM), is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and its standard therapy is often ineffective because of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance. Reversal of the TMZ resistance might improve the prognosis of glioma patients. We previously found that interferon-α (IFN-α) and anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam (LEV) could sensitize glioma to TMZ, respectively.

Fic Proteins Inhibit the Activity of Topoisomerase IV by AMPylation in Diverse Bacteria.

The Fic (filamentation induced by cyclic AMP) domain is a widely distributed motif with a conserved sequence of HPFx[D/E]GN[G/K]R, some of which regulate cellular activity by catalyzing the transfer of the AMP moiety from ATP to protein substrates. Some Fic proteins, including Fic-1 from the soil bacterium strain 2P24, have been shown to inhibit bacterial DNA replication by AMPylating the subunit B of DNA gyrase (GyrB), but the biochemical activity and cellular target of most Fic proteins remain unknown. Here, we report that Fic-2, which is another Fic protein from strain 2P24 and Fic-1 AMPylate the topoisomerase IV ParE at Tyr.

Transferrin receptor 1 targeted optical imaging for identifying glioma margin in mouse models.

Objective: Optical molecular imaging technology that indiscriminately detects intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) can help neurosurgeons effectively remove tumor masses. Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR 1) is a diagnostic and therapeutic target in GBM. A TfR 1-targeted peptide, CRTIGPSVC (CRT), was shown to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate at high levels in GBM tissues.

Association between glioblastoma cell-derived vessels and poor prognosis of the patients.

Background: Vessels with different microcirculation patterns are required for glioblastoma (GBM) growth. However, details of the microcirculation patterns in GBM remain unclear. Here, we examined the microcirculation patterns of GBM and analyzed their roles in patient prognosis together with two well-known GMB prognosis factors (O -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase [MGMT] promoter methylation status and isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH] mutations).

Skp2 modulates proliferation, senescence and tumorigenesis of glioma.

Background: Gliomas represent the largest class of primary central nervous system neoplasms, many subtypes of which exhibit poor prognoses. Surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been used as a standard strategy but yielded unsatisfactory improvements in patient survival outcomes. The S-phase kinase protein 2 (Skp2), a critical component of the E3-ligase SCF complex, has been documented in tumorigenesis in various cancer types but its role in glioma has yet to be fully clarified.