Ferrate(VI) oxidation of tetrabromobisphenol A in comparison with bisphenol A.

Ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) oxidative removal of various organic micropollutants mainly depends on the reactivity of Fe(VI) to target micropollutants and coexisting constituents present in source water. This study evaluated the potential of Fe(VI) oxidation of the brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by using reaction kinetics, products identification and toxicity evaluation, and investigated the influencing effects of humic acid and clay particles on Fe(VI) removal of TBBPA in comparison with bisphenol A (BPA). The obtained apparent second-order rate constants (k(app)) for Fe(VI) reaction with TBBPA ranged from 7.

Simultaneous removal of inorganic and organic compounds in wastewater by freshwater green microalgae.

Batch experiments were carried out for 7 days to investigate the simultaneous removal of various organic and inorganic contaminants including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), metals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and estrogenic activity in wastewater by four freshwater green microalgae species, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlorella vulgaris. After treatment for 7 days, 76.7-92.

Biotransformation of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) by freshwater microalgae.

Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant. However, little is known about its biotransformation by algae in aquatic environments. The authors investigated transformations of TBBPA by 6 freshwater green microalgae and identified its transformation products.

Photodegradation of the azole fungicide fluconazole in aqueous solution under UV-254: kinetics, mechanistic investigations and toxicity evaluation.

The azole fungicide fluconazole has been reported to be persistent in conventional wastewater treatment plants. This study investigated the photodegradation of fluconazole under UV-254 in aqueous solutions. The results revealed that the photodegradation of fluconazole was pH-dependent (2.

Biotransformation of progesterone and norgestrel by two freshwater microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa): transformation kinetics and products identification.

Natural and synthetic steroid hormones such as progesterone and norgestrel in the aquatic environment may cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms. This study investigated the biotransformation of progesterone and norgestrel in aqueous solutions by two freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa and elucidated their transformation mechanisms. More than 95% of progesterone was transformed by the two microalgae within 5d.

Degradation of norgestrel by bacteria from activated sludge: comparison to progesterone.

Natural and synthetic progestagens in the environment have become a concern due to their adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Laboratory studies were performed to investigate aerobic biodegradation of norgestrel by bacteria from activated sludge in comparison with progesterone, and to identify their degradation products and biotransformation pathways. The degradation of norgestrel followed first order reaction kinetics (T1/2 = 12.

Cellular responses and bioremoval of nonylphenol and octylphenol in the freshwater green microalga Scenedesmus obliquus.

The removal of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) by the freshwater green microalga Scenedesmus obliquus was studied in cultures exposed to different concentrations of NP and OP for 5 days. In most cases, low NP and OP concentrations (<1 mg/L) did not affect the growth, fluorescence transient (F(v)/F(m)), photosynthetic pigments and cell ultrastructure of S. obliquus, whereas high NP and OP concentrations (>1 mg/L) suppressed algal growth, decreased F(v)/F(m) and photosynthetic pigments, and destroyed algal ultrastructure.

Determination of biocides in different environmental matrices by use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A sensitive and robust method using solid-phase extraction and ultrasonic extraction for preconcentration followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS-MS) has been developed for determination of 19 biocides: eight azole fungicides (climbazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, thiabendazole, and carbendazim), two insect repellents (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), and icaridin (also known as picaridin)), three isothiazolinone antifouling agents (1,2-benzisothiazolinone (BIT), 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolinone (OIT), and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-isothiazolinone (DCOIT)), four paraben preservatives (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben), and two disinfectants (triclosan and triclocarban) in surface water, wastewater, sediment, sludge, and soil. Recovery of the target compounds from surface water, influent, effluent, sediment, sludge, and soil was mostly in the range 70-120%, with corresponding method quantification limits ranging from 0.01 to 0.

Simultaneous determination of human and veterinary antibiotics in various environmental matrices by rapid resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A robust and sensitive analytical method is presented in which 11 classes of antibiotics are simultaneously extracted and determined in surface water, lagoon wastewater, influent, effluent, sediment, manure and sludge. Water samples with different volumes were adjusted to pH 3, added with 0.2g Na₂EDTA and then extracted using Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridges.

Biosorption of zinc and copper from aqueous solutions by two freshwater green microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the removal of zinc and copper by two freshwater green microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus and to investigate changes of algal ultrastructure and photosynthetic pigment.

Methods: Algal cells were exposed for 8 days to different initial zinc or copper concentrations. Heavy metal concentrations were detected by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.