Efficacy and safety of HLX01 in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy: a phase 3 study.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HLX01, a rituximab biosimilar, as combination therapy with methotrexate in Chinese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who had inadequate responses to methotrexate.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, biologic-naïve patients with moderate-to-severe active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate responses to methotrexate were randomized 2:1 to receive 1000 mg HLX01 or placebo intravenously on days 1 and 15. On the first day of weeks 24 and 26, patients in both groups received 1000 mg HLX01 via intravenous infusion.

Dysfunction of CD27IgD B cells correlates with aggravated systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: The apoptotic signaling pathway is obviously disordered in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Natural IgM (nIgM) is important in clearing apoptotic cells and preventing them from triggering deleterious autoimmunity. B-1 and innate-like B (ILBs) cells are the main nIgM producers.

Long non‑coding RNA NEAT1 promotes pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the microRNA‑455‑3p/SMAD3 axis.

Pulmonary fibrosis is an excessive repair response to tissue damage, triggering hyperplasia of fibrotic connective tissues; however, there is no effective treatment in a clinical setting. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of long non‑coding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) and microRNA‑455‑3p (miR‑455‑3p) were investigated in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, the mRNA expression levels of NEAT1, miR‑455‑3p and SMAD3 in the HPAEpiC alveolar and BEAS‑2B bronchial epithelial cell lines were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, while the markers of epithelial‑mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and collagen production were determined using western blot analysis.