SUMO1 degrader induces ER stress and ROS accumulation through deSUMOylation of TCF4 and inhibition of its transcription of StarD7 in colon cancer.

Small molecule degraders of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1) induce SUMO1 degradation in colon cancer cells and inhibits the cancer cell growth; however, it is unclear how SUMO1 degradation leads to the anticancer activity of the degraders. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen has identified StAR-related lipid transfer domain containing 7 (StarD7) as a critical gene for the degrader's anticancer activity. Here, we show that both StarD7 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in human colon cancer and its knockout significantly reduces colon cancer cell growth and xenograft progression.

Bioinformatics analyses of combined databases identify shared differentially expressed genes in cancer and autoimmune disease.

Background: Inadequate immunity caused by poor immune surveillance leads to tumorigenesis, while excessive immunity due to breakdown of immune tolerance causes autoimmune genesis. Although the function of immunity during the onset of these two processes appears to be distinct, the underlying mechanism is shared. To date, gene expression data for large bodies of clinical samples are available, but the resemblances of tumorigenesis and autoimmune genesis in terms of immune responses remains to be summed up.

Reshuffling of the ancestral core-eudicot genome shaped chromatin topology and epigenetic modification in Panax.

All extant core-eudicot plants share a common ancestral genome that has experienced cyclic polyploidizations and (re)diploidizations. Reshuffling of the ancestral core-eudicot genome generates abundant genomic diversity, but the role of this diversity in shaping the hierarchical genome architecture, such as chromatin topology and gene expression, remains poorly understood. Here, we assemble chromosome-level genomes of one diploid and three tetraploid Panax species and conduct in-depth comparative genomic and epigenomic analyses.

Exploring the Distinct Binding and Activation Mechanisms for Different CagA Oncoproteins and SHP2 by Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

CagA is a major virulence factor of . CagA is geographically subclassified into East Asian CagA and Western CagA, which are characterized by the presence of a EPIYA-D or EPIYA-C segment. The East Asian CagA is more closely associated with gastric cancer than the Western CagA.

Exploring the Allosteric Mechanism of Src Homology-2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 2 (SHP2) by Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2, encoded by ) is a critical allosteric phosphatase for many signaling pathways. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) could be phosphorylated at its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) and can bind to SHP2 to initiate T cell inactivation. Although the interaction of SHP2-PD-1 plays an important role in the immune process, the complex structure and the allosteric regulation mechanism remain unknown.

Corrigendum: Orchid Extract Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis and Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.

Natural borneol sensitizes human glioma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by triggering ROS-mediated oxidative damage and regulation of MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathway.

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was widely used in treating human malignancies. However, side effects and chemoresistance remains the major obstacle. To verify whether natural borneol (NB) can enhance cisplatin-induced glioma cell apoptosis and explore the mechanism.

Co-targeting CK2α and YBX1 suppresses tumor progression by coordinated inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Protein kinase CK2 alpha (CK2α) is involved in the development of multiple malignancies. Overexpression of Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) is related to tumor proliferation, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. Studies have demonstrated that both CK2 and YBX1 could regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Baicalin Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion in Mesothelioma.

BACKGROUND Baicalin, one of the main bioactive components extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine baical Skullcap root, has an anti-tumor activity which had been studied in several cancers. However, its role in human mesothelioma remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor mechanisms of baicalin in the mesothelioma cell line MESO924.

Exploring the allosteric mechanism of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B by molecular dynamics simulations.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Current status and future prospects of stem cell therapy in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, pathologically characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Current treatment approaches using drugs only alleviate the symptoms without curing the disease, which is a serious issue and influences the quality of life of the patients and their caregivers. In recent years, stem cell technology has provided new insights into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Cellular internalization and trafficking of 20 KDa human growth hormone.

Twenty kilodalton human growth hormone (20K-GH) is the second most abundant GH isoform after the twenty-two kilodalton human growth hormone (22 K-GH) isoform. 20K-GH exhibits similar but not identical physiological activities as that of 22K-GH. The cell behaviour of 22K-GH has been extensively studied, but little or no information has been reported regarding 20K-GH.

Orchid Extract Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis and Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation .

, a traditional Chinese medical herb with high value that is widely used in Asia, possesses many positive effects on human health, including anti-chronic inflammation, anti-obesity, and immune modulation properties; however, whether has inhibitory effects on postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unknown. We investigated the effects of extract (DOE) on ovariectomy-induced bone loss and on osteoclastogenesis . , female rats were divided into a sham-operated (sham) group and five ovariectomized (OVX) subgroups: OVX with vehicle (OVX), OVX with Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule (240 mg/kg body weight/day), and OVX with low-, medium-, and high-dose DOE (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively).

Identification of key genes associated with the effect of estrogen on ovarian cancer using microarray analysis.

Purpose: To identify key genes related to the effect of estrogen on ovarian cancer.

Methods: Microarray data (GSE22600) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Eight estrogen and seven placebo treatment samples were obtained using a 2 × 2 factorial designs, which contained 2 cell lines (PEO4 and 2008) and 2 treatments (estrogen and placebo).

An extract of Perilla stem inhibits Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP)-1 and influences insulin signaling.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are enzymes that catalyze protein tyrosine dephosphorylation of which Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is one of the best-validated, a widely distributed intracellular tyrosine phosphatase that contains two SH2 domains. Down regulation of SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatases was significantly increased sensitivity to insulin in insulin signaling pathway. Through in vitro enzymatic reaction kinetics experiment, we found that the extract of Perilla stem was a potential inhibitor to δSHP-1, the catalytic domain of SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, and its IC(50) was 4ug/ml, and was more sensitive towards SHP-1than other PTPs, which indicated that SHP-1 might be a target of the extract of Perilla stem.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in the presence of glycerol.

The inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) is considered able to decrease serum cholesterol levels and dramatically reduce the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The statins, competitive inhibitors of HMGCR, have been employed to control hypercholesterolemia. But their side effects, especially their safety of long-term administration have attracted great attention.

Caenorhabditis elegans eyes absent ortholog EYA-1 is required for stress resistance.

Eyes absent (Eya) is a highly conserved transcription cofactor and protein phosphatase that regulates multiple developmental processes throughout the metazoans. It is a dual function protein, working as a transcription factor in the nucleus and as a tyrosine phosphatase in the cytoplasm. In this study, we isolated EYA-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans, the only homolog of Eyes absent, and set up an effective feeding-based RNAi (RNA interference) against the gene.

Daptomycin exerts rapid bactericidal activity against Bacillus anthracis without disrupting membrane integrity.

Aim: To examine whether the novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin could be used to treat anthrax and to study the mechanisms underlying its bactericidal action against Bacillus anthracis.

Methods: Spore-forming B anthracis AP422 was tested. MIC values of antibiotics were determined.

Icaritin causes sustained ERK1/2 activation and induces apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells.

Icaritin, a compound from Epimedium Genus, has selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulating activities, and possess anti-tumor activity. Here, we examined icaritin effect on cell growth of human endometrial cancer Hec1A cells and found that icaritin potently inhibited proliferation of Hec1A cells. Icaritin-inhibited cell growth was associated with increased levels of p21 and p27 expression and reduced cyclinD1 and cdk 4 expression.

ER-α36, a novel variant of ER-α, mediates estrogen-stimulated proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells via the PKCδ/ERK pathway.

Background: Recently, a variant of ER-α, ER-α36 was identified and cloned. ER-α36 lacks intrinsic transcription activity and mainly mediates non-genomic estrogen signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function and the underlying mechanisms of ER-α36 in growth regulation of endometrial Ishikawa cancer cells.

[Spatial variability analysis of soil arsenic in Zibo maize producing area, Shandong Province].

Spatial variability and distribution of soil arsenic in Zibo maize producing area, Shandong Province were studied using geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Positive skewed distribution was observed; Logarithm transformation was applied in order to achieve normality in the data set and to reduce the affect of outliers. The results show that experimental semi-variogram exists distinct anisotropic and has the strongest continuity in the direction of northeastern 70 degrees.

[Detection carbamate pesticides residue in cucumber by immobilized acetyicholinesterase enzyme].

A novel method was described for detection carbamate pesticides residue in cucumber by immobilizing acetylcholinesterase enzyme in a micro-screen plate with 96 wells based on GA-BSA-gelatin gels. The concentrations of BSA, GA and gelatin in enzyme immobilization solution were optimized and the best concentrations were 5%, 0.5% and 0.

Pharmacokinetics and in vitro and in vivo correlation of huperzine A loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of huperzine A loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres in dogs. Several huperzine A loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared by an O/W method and three of them (single dose) were injected intramuscularly (i.m.