Determination of nine bioactive phenolic components usually found in apple juice by simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS.

The functional food ingredients of apple juice can significantly change during processing, transportation, and storage, thus affecting the quality of the product. A simple and derivation-free analytical method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and optimized for the simultaneous determination of functional food ingredients in apple juice bought in the market. Cleanup steps and chromatographic conditions were optimized to remove interference and decrease the matrix effect.

Turning Potential Flexibility Into Flexible Performance: Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy and Use of Flexible Cognition.

This study examined the relationship between two types of mathematical flexibility - potential flexibility, which indicates individuals' knowledge of multiple strategies and strategy efficiency, and practical flexibility, which refers to individuals' flexible performances when solving math problems. Both types of flexibility were assessed in the domain of linear equation solving. Furthermore, two types of beliefs - self-efficacy and use of flexible cognition (UFC) - were investigated as potential moderators between potential and practical flexibility.

[Effect of ferulic acid on cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cell formation and potential mechanism].

The formation of macrophage-derived foam cells is a typical feature of atherosclerosis (AS). Reverse cholesterol efflux (RCT) is one of important factors for the formation of macrophage foam cells. In this study, macrophage form cells were induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and then treated with different concentrations of ferulic acid, so as to observe the effect of ferulic acid on the intracellular lipid metabolism in the ox-LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation, the cholesterol efflux and the mRNA expression and protein levels of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) that mediate cholesterol efflux, and discuss the potential mechanism of ferulic acid in resisting AS.

Protective effects of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) extract against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

The oxidative status and morphological changes of mouse liver exposed to cadmium chloride (Cd(II)) and therapeutic potential of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) extract against Cd(II)-induced hepatic injury were investigated. A variety of parameters were evaluated, including lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl (PCO) level, DNA fragment, as well as antioxidative defense system (i.

The oxidation metabolites of endomorphin 1 and its fragments induced by free radicals.

Endomorphin 1 (EM1), an endogenous micro-opioid receptor agonist, acts as a free radical scavenger in vitro and an antioxidant in vivo. The modification of EM1 by ROS and the properties of the OM attracted our attention. In vitro assays were performed via RP-HPLC, spectrophotometric measurements, EPR and amino acid analysis, Schmorl's reaction to define the formation of melanin-like compounds transformed from EM1, collectively named EM1-melanin and by solubility assay, radioligand-binding assay, NADH oxidation, superoxide anion scavenging assay to study some physical and chemical properties of EM1-melanin.

Asymmetric Michael addition of trisubstituted carbanion to nitroalkenes catalyzed by sodium demethylquinine salt in water.

A mild method for the asymmetric synthesis of quaternary and tertiary carbon centers has been developed through Michael addition of trisubstituted carbon nucleophile to nitroalkenes catalyzed by low loading sodium demethylquinine salt in water.

Endomorphin 1 effectively protects cadmium chloride-induced hepatic damage in mice.

The antioxidative capacity of endomorphin 1 (EM1), an endogenous mu-opioid receptor agonist, has been demonstrated by in vivo assays. The present study reports the effect of EM1 on hepatic damage induced by cadmium chloride (Cd(II)) in adult male mouse. Mouse were given intraperitoneally (i.