Molecular Epidemiology of Herpangina Children in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China, During 2019-2020.

Background: The changing pattern of pathogen spectrum causing herpangina in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes on the molecular epidemiology of herpangina children during 2019-2020 in Tongzhou district, Beijing, China.

Method: From January 2019 to December 2020, children diagnosed with herpangina were recruited by the staff from Tongzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Beijing.

First line nucleos(t)ide analog monotherapy is more cost-effective than combination strategies in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients in China.

Background: Nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) in combination with peginterferon (PegIFN) therapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) shows better effectiveness than NA monotherapy in hepatitis B surface antigen loss, termed "functional cure," based on previous published studies. However, it is not known which strategy is more cost-effective on functional cure. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of first-line monotherapies and combination strategies in HBeAg-positive CHB patients in China from a social perspective.

Hepatitis B Immunoprophylactic Failure and Characteristics of the Hepatitis B Virus Gene in Mother-Infant Pairs in Parts of China.

Objective: To determine the hepatitis B immunoprophylactic failure rate in infants born to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected mothers and to characterize HBV genes.

Methods: HBV-serological testing was conducted for pregnant women and infants. The complete genomes of 30 HBV isolates were sequenced, and genetic characteristics were analyzed using MEGA 5 software.

The Public Health Burden of Rotavirus Disease in Children Younger Than Five Years and Considerations for Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in China.

Background: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among young children worldwide. Rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated substantial benefits in many countries that have introduced vaccine nationally. In China, where rotavirus vaccines are not available through the national immunization program, it will be important to review relevant local and global information to determine the potential value of national introduction.

An economic analysis of adult hepatitis B vaccination in China.

Background And Objective: With the universal infant hepatitis B vaccination (HepB) program, China has made remarkable achievements to prevent and control hepatitis B. In order to further reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the Chinese government is considering implementing a widespread adult HBV vaccination campaign. We performed an economic analysis of two different adult HepB vaccination strategies for 21-59-years-olds: vaccination without screening and screening-based vaccination.

An outbreak following importation of wild poliovirus in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, 2011.

Background: After more than 10 years without a case of wild poliovirus (WPV) in China, an outbreak occurred in 2011 in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

Methods: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case surveillance was strengthened with epidemiological investigations and specimen collection and serological surveys were conducted among hospitalized patients.

Results: There were 21 WPV cases and 23 clinical compatible polio cases reported.

Enhanced surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis following importation of wild poliovirus in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Background: After being polio free for more than 10 years, an outbreak occurred in China in 2011 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) following the importation of wild poliovirus (WPV) originating from neighboring Pakistan.

Methods: To strengthen acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Xinjiang, "zero case daily reporting" and retrospective searching of AFP cases were initiated after the confirmation of the WPV outbreak. To pinpoint all the polio cases in time, AFP surveillance system was expanded to include persons of all ages in the entire population in Xinjiang.

Identification and control of a poliomyelitis outbreak in Xinjiang, China.

Background: The last case of infection with wild-type poliovirus indigenous to China was reported in 1994, and China was certified as a poliomyelitis-free region in 2000. In 2011, an outbreak of infection with imported wild-type poliovirus occurred in the province of Xinjiang.

Methods: We conducted an investigation to guide the response to the outbreak, performed sequence analysis of the poliovirus type 1 capsid protein VP1 to determine the source, and carried out serologic and coverage surveys to assess the risk of viral propagation.

[Study on the risk of HBV infection among spouses of HBsAg carriers].

Objective: To investigate the risk of HBV infection among the spouses of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and to provide a reference for developing strategies on hepatitis B control and prevention.

Methods: A case-control study including HBsAg carriers aged 20 - 45 years-old from the nationwide sero-epidemiological survey for Hepatitis B in both Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces in 2006, together with their spouses were selected as case group, while. HBsAg negative persons and their spouses were among the control groups, under the same residential areas, gender, age and age of marriage to the HBsAg carriers.

[Study on antibody response to revaccination of hepatitis B vaccine among firstly low-response adults].

Objective: To evaluate and compare the antibody to hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (anti-HBs) response and the influent factors of revaccination of 4 kinds of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among firstly low-response adults.

Methods: A total of 11 590 adults who were 18 - 49 years old, never received HepB vaccination, without HBV infection history, HBs-Ag negative, and had been living at 3 towns of Zhangqiu county in Shandong province Ji'nan city for more than half a year, were selected in the study in July, 2009. Self-designed questionnaire was used to select the basic information of the subjects.

[Comparison on the antibody response after primary immunization of 5 µg and 10 µg hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant DNA techniques among newborns].

Objective: To compare the antibody response induced by primary immunization with 5 µg and 10 µg hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant DNA techniques among the newborns.

Methods: Healthy infants who had completed primary immunization with 5 µg hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant dexyribonucleic acid techniques in Saccharomyces (Hep-SC) or 10 µg hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant dexyribonucleic acid techniques in Hansenula polymorpha (HepB-HP) were included in the study. Kids under study were 7-12 months of age and had been on 0-1-6 schedule.

[Multi-center matching study on antibody response between preterm and full-term infants after primary immunization of hepatitis B vaccine].

Objective: To compare the antibody response between preterm and full-term infants after primary immunization of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB).

Methods: Infants who were aged 7 - 12 months and had completed primary immunization with 5 µg HepB made by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques in saccharomyces cerevisiae (HepB-SC) or 10 µg HepB made by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques in Hansenula polymorpha (HepB-HP) on 0-1-6 schedule were investigated in four provinces (municipality) including Beijing, Shandong, Jiangsu and Guangxi of China. Among them, all preterm infants were selected to form the preterm group and the 1:1 matching full-term infants with the same month-age, gender and residence were randomly selected to form the full-term group.

[A sero-epidemiological study on hepatitis C in China].

Objective: To better understand and measure the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we conducted a sero-epidemiological study using the remaining blood samples and data of the nationwide survey of hepatitis B in Chinese residents which was carried out in 2006.

Methods: The anti-HCV reagent was screened out from the reagents by the HCV infection blood serum plate with anti-HCV positives or negatives. This plate recognized the Murex 3.

[Estimation on the intangible cost and influencing factors for patients with hepatitis B-related diseases].

Objective: To estimate the intangible cost and associated factors on patients with hepatitis B-related diseases, so as to explore the differences of the three elicitation techniques on the 'willingness to pay approach' (WTP).

Methods: Face-to-Face interviews were conducted to collect health economics-related information by trained investigators, using a structured questionnaire. WTP was employed to estimate the intangible cost while an open-ended question format, together with iterative bidding game and payment card were respectively used to elicit WTP for the hypothetical cure of hepatitis B-related diseases.

[Evaluation on the efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine booster immunization in 2789 children aged over 10 years].

Objective: To study the efficiency of booster immunization with different recombinant hepatitis B vaccines.

Methods: 2789 children aged over 10 years who had completed the basic immunization of hepatitis B vaccine under 1 year old were selected. All the sampled children were classified into four groups (A, B, C and D) and immunized with different hepatitis B vaccines produced by different companies respectively.

[Financial burden of hepatitis B-related diseases and factors influencing the costs in Shenzhen, China].

Objective: To investigate the direct, indirect and intangible costs due to hepatitis B-related diseases and to explore main factors associated with the costs in Shenzhen.

Methods: Cluster sampling for cases collected consecutively during the study period was administrated. Subjects were selected from eligible hepatitis B-related patients.

[Effect analysis on non-and-low response infants after revaccinated hepatitis B vaccine].

Objective: To evaluate the booster immunization effect to non-and-low response children after 3 doses HepB immunization.

Methods: Non-and-low response infants born in 2004 2005 administered 3 doses of HepB at 0, 1, 6 months in Guangzhou, Beijing and Zhejiang were divided into 4 groups randomly, and boosted 3 dose of 4 different types of HepB at 0, 1, 6 months.

Results: The GMC of non-and-low response children in group A (before booster), group B (after 1 dose booster) and group C (after 3 dose booster) were 18.

[Evaluation of the test results on hepatitis B pilot surveillance labortory in 9 provinces of China].

Objective: To assess the test quality of HBsAg, anti-HBc IgM and anti-HAV IgM in the laboratories of Hepatitis B pilot surveillance provinces.

Methods: Blood serum from each of the Hepatitis B pilot surveillance provinces were collected to verify the test results. The Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immuno Assay (CMIA), ARCHITECT i2000 automatic light detector and test reagents produced by U.

[Development on timely first dose of hepatitis B vaccine for infants].

The study on timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine for infants were reviewed in the article. The authors recommend that some relevant researches are necessary to be implemented in the areas which the coverage of HepB timely birth dose is at a low level in order to find out the influencing factors and intervention strategies to protect more children against hepatitis B virus infection as soon as possible.

[Effect of hepatitis health promotion project in schools of Beijing and Gansu].

Objective: To evaluate effect of health promotion project of element school students in Beijing and Gansu.

Methods: Evaluation field was conducted in 6 schools of hepatitis health promotion project. They were selected randomly from Beijing and Gansu, questionnaires were given to students and teachers for evaluating the awareness to hepatitis transmission and prevention, telephone interview was given to student's parents for awareness to hepatitis knowledge.