Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidative Coupling between C(sp)-H Bonds and Carboxylic Acids.

The direct enantioselective functionalization of C(sp)-H bonds in organic molecules could fundamentally transform the synthesis of chiral molecules. In particular, the enantioselective oxidation of these bonds would dramatically change the production methods of chiral alcohols and esters, which are prevalent in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and fine chemicals. Remarkable advances have been made in the enantioselective construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds through the C(sp)-H bond functionalization.

Unveiling the Origin of the Strengthening Mechanism in a Novel Precious Metal Multi-Principal Elements Alloy.

Precious metal electrical contact materials are pivotal in microelectronic devices due to their excellent chemical stability and electrical properties. Their practical application is hindered by the strength, contact resistance, and high cost. Multi-principal elements alloys (MPEAs) provide the possibility to develop cost-effective materials with enhanced mechanical properties.

Nano-Functional Materials for Sensor Applications.

The rapid development of nanotechnology and materials science has led to remarkable advances in sensor applications across various fields [...

Cellulose Acetate Membranes: Antibacterial Strategy and Application-A Review.

Developing antibacterial and biodegradable cellulose acetate (CA) membrane materials is one of the main challenges in multiple application fields. CA membrane materials are widely used in gas purification, water purification, and biomedical fields due to their environmental friendliness, high chemical and mechanical stability, excellent processability, and low cost. However, antibacterial modification of CA membrane materials to enhance their utilization value in the application process has always been the direction of researchers' efforts.

Inhibiting intracellular CD28 in cancer cells enhances antitumor immunity and overcomes anti-PD-1 resistance via targeting PD-L1.

Deciphering mechanisms for cancer immune escape may provide targets for improving immunotherapy efficacy. By in vivo genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function screening in a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), we uncovered a non-classical function of Cd28 in cancer cells to promote immune escape. Knocking out Cd28 in cancer cells increased infiltration of type I conventional DC (cDC1) and activated tumor-specific CD8 T cells, and pharmaceutical inducible knockdown of Cd28 inhibited pre-established tumor growth and overcame anti-PD-1 resistance in vivo.

Altered orbitofrontal and pars opercularis cortical thickness in betel quid dependence chewers.

Background: Altered cerebral cortex's structural organization has been found in individuals with betel quid dependence (BQD). However, the neurological underpinnings of the BQD-related abnormalities in cortical thickness and brain circuitry deficit are largely unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate potential abnormalities of brain circuitry in the cortical thickness of BQD individuals by applying the surface-based morphometry (SBM) method.

Advanced AI-Driven Prediction of Pregnancy-Related Adverse Drug Reactions.

Ensuring drug safety during pregnancy is critical due to the potential risks to both the mother and fetus. However, the exclusion of pregnant women from clinical trials complicates the assessment of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in this population. This study aimed to develop and validate risk prediction models for pregnancy-related ADRs of drugs using advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques, leveraging real-world data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Perturbation of mammary epithelial cell apicobasal polarity by RHBDF1-facilitated nuclear translocation of PKCζ.

Background: The establishment of apicobasal polarity in epithelial cells is of critical importance in morphogenesis of mammary gland and other secretive gland tissues. The demise of the polarity is a critical step in early stages of tumorigenesis such as in breast ductal carcinoma in situ. The underlying molecular mechanism thus warrants in-depth investigations.

Mendelian randomization analysis of causal and druggable circulating inflammatory proteins in schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental disorder with complex origins. Observational studies suggested that inflammatory factors may play a role in the pathophysiology of SZ and we aim to investigate the potential genetic connection between them by examining the causal impact of circulating inflammatory proteins on SZ.

Methods: We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and SZ and the GWAS summary datasets were sourced from public databases.

Hydrophobic Modification of Cellulose Acetate and Its Application in the Field of Water Treatment: A Review.

With the inherent demand for hydrophobic materials in processes such as membrane distillation and unidirectional moisture conduction, the preparation and application development of profiles such as modified cellulose acetate membranes that have both hydrophobic functions and biological properties have become a research hotspot. Compared with the petrochemical polymer materials used in conventional hydrophobic membrane preparation, cellulose acetate, as the most important cellulose derivative, exhibits many advantages, such as a high natural abundance, good film forming, and easy modification and biodegradability, and it is a promising polymer raw material for environmental purification. This paper focuses on the research progress of the hydrophobic cellulose acetate preparation process and its current application in the water-treatment and resource-utilization fields.

Electrochemical Sensing Strategies for Synthetic Orange Dyes.

This review explores electrochemical sensing strategies for synthetic orange dyes, addressing the growing need for sensitive and selective detection methods in various industries. We examine the fundamental principles underlying the electrochemical detection of these compounds, focusing on their redox behavior and interaction with electrode surfaces. The review covers a range of sensor designs, from unmodified electrodes to advanced nanomaterial-based platforms.

Application of norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock.

Methods: Literature retrieval of eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on norepinephrine in the treatment of septic shock was performed in three English databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline from database establishment to October 1, 2023. The Cochrane risk bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature.

Optimization of Thermoelectric Performance of AgTe Films via a Co-Sputtering Method.

Providing self-powered energy for wearable electronic devices is currently an important research direction in the field of thermoelectric (TE) thin films. In this study, a simple dual-source magnetron sputtering method was used to prepare AgTe thin films, which exhibit good TE properties at room temperature, and the growth temperature and subsequent annealing process were optimized to obtain high-quality films. The experimental results show that films grown at a substrate temperature of 280 °C exhibit a high power factor (PF) of ~3.

Comparative effectiveness of multi-sensory interventions for reducing pain among premature infants: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: A series of multi-sensory interventions are proved to be effective in reducing pain among premature infants. Nevertheless, there lacks a comparison of these interventions to find the most suitable and optimal one for clinical decision-making.

Objective: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to compare the effectiveness of various multi-sensory interventions, and to identify the optimal intervention for alleviating pain in premature infants.

Graphene electrochemical biosensors combining effervescent solid-phase extraction (ESPE) for rapid, ultrasensitive, and simultaneous determination of DA, AA, and UA.

Simultaneous monitoring of key metabolites like dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid is essential for early disease diagnosis and evaluating treatment. Electrochemical techniques are increasingly used for precise, point-of-care testing (POCT) of these metabolites. Herein, a sample pretreatment method called effervescent solid-phase extraction (ESPE) was proposed for efficient enrichment of trace analytes for electrochemical detection.

Evaluation of a three-gene methylation model for correlating lymph node metastasis in postoperative early gastric cancer adjacent samples.

Background: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) has a profound impact on the treatment and prognosis of early gastric cancer (EGC), yet the existing evaluation methods lack accuracy. Recent research has underscored the role of precancerous lesions in tumor progression and metastasis. The objective of this study was to utilize the previously developed EGC LNM prediction model to further validate and extend the analysis in paired adjacent tissue samples.

Unary Au Nanocrystal with Prestored Electrons and Intrinsic Low Hole-Injected Potential for Low-Triggering Potential Electrochemiluminescence.

Screening a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system and lowering the ECL triggering potential are essential to ECL evolution. Herein, the near-infrared (NIR) ECL system with low-triggering potential ECL was constructed with weakly reductive -butylamine borane as coreactant and mercaptosuccinic acid/citrate (MSA/Cit)-capped Au (MSA/Cit@AuNCs) as luminophores. Toxic-element-free and dual-ligand MSA/Cit@AuNCs were prepared via ligand exchange and utilized as a model for developing unary metal NCs-based luminophores with more enhanced ECL performance than monoligand Au nanocrystals (AuNCs), which exhibited a two hole-injected process at around 0.

Enhancing Sensitivity and Selectivity: Current Trends in Electrochemical Immunosensors for Organophosphate Analysis.

This review examines recent advancements in electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of organophosphate pesticides, focusing on strategies to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. The widespread use of these pesticides has necessitated the development of rapid, accurate, and field-deployable detection methods. We discuss the fundamental principles of electrochemical immunosensors and explore innovative approaches to improve their performance.