Self-Adaptive Teacher-Student framework for colon polyp segmentation from unannotated private data with public annotated datasets.

Colon polyps have become a focal point of research due to their heightened potential to develop into appendiceal cancer, which has the highest mortality rate globally. Although numerous colon polyp segmentation methods have been developed using public polyp datasets, they tend to underperform on private datasets due to inconsistencies in data distribution and the difficulty of fine-tuning without annotations. In this paper, we propose a Self-Adaptive Teacher-Student (SATS) framework to segment colon polyps from unannotated private data by utilizing multiple publicly annotated datasets.

Metabolic Heterogeneity of Tumor Cells and its Impact on Colon Cancer Metastasis: Insights from Single-Cell and Bulk Transcriptome Analyses.

Metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), influencing tumor heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment, and metastasis. While the interaction between metabolism and CRC is critical for developing personalized treatments, gaps remain in understanding how tumor cell metabolism affects prognosis. Our study introduces novel insights by integrating single-cell and bulk transcriptome analyses to explore the metabolic landscape within CRC cells and its mechanisms influencing disease progression.

The MICOS Complex Regulates Mitochondrial Structure and Oxidative Stress During Age-Dependent Structural Deficits in the Kidney.

The kidney filters nutrient waste and bodily fluids from the bloodstream, in addition to secondary functions of metabolism and hormone secretion, requiring an astonishing amount of energy to maintain its functions. In kidney cells, mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and help maintain kidney function. Due to aging, the efficiency of kidney functions begins to decrease.

Artificial intelligence applications in allergic rhinitis diagnosis: Focus on ensemble learning.

Background: The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) primarily relies on symptoms and laboratory examinations. Due to limitations in outpatient settings, certain tests such as nasal provocation tests and nasal secretion smear examinations are not routinely conducted. Although there are clear diagnostic criteria, an accurate diagnosis still requires the expertise of an experienced doctor, considering the patient's medical history and conducting examinations.

Prediction of rhinitis with class imbalance based on heterogeneous ensemble learning.

Common clinical rhinitis is characterized by different types of cases and class imbalance. Its prediction belongs to multiple output classification. Low recognition rate and poor generalization performance often occur for minority class.

HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate induces host immunity against cancer stem cells.

We previously tested HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in immunocompromised (SCID) mice, precluding evaluation of host immunity, impact on cancer stem cells (CSCs), and potential benefit when combined with PD-L1 blockade. In this study, we tested HER2-targeted ADC in two immunocompetent mouse tumor models. HER2-targeted ADC specifically inhibited the growth of HER2-expressing tumors, prolonged animal survival, and reduced HER2 and PD-L1 cells.

Development and Evaluation of an Intravenous Infusion Sequence Annotation System.

Objectives: The sequence of intravenous infusions may impact the efficacy, safety, and cost of intravenous medications. The study describes and assesses a computerized clinical decision support annotation system capable of analyzing the sequence of intravenous infusions.

Methods: All intravenous medications on the hospital formulary were analyzed based on factors that impact intravenous infusion sequence.

Role of ARPC2 in Human Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer continues to be the second most frequent cause of cancer deaths worldwide. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Further research to find potential targets for therapy is critical and urgent.

IL-2 augments the therapeutic efficacy of adoptively transferred B cells which directly kill tumor cells via the CXCR4/CXCL12 and perforin pathways.

We previously reported that antitumor B cells directly kill tumor cells via the Fas/FasL pathway and are regulated by IL-10. In this study, we defined additional mechanisms involved in B cell antitumor immunity. Administration of IL-2 significantly augmented the therapeutic efficacy of adoptively transferred tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) B cells which express IL- 2R.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines in the Adjuvant Setting.

Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine strategies aimed at targeting cancer stem-like cells (CSC) may be most efficacious if deployed in the adjuvant setting. In this study, we offer preclinical evidence that this is the case for a CSC-DC vaccine as tested in murine models of SCC7 squamous cell cancer and D5 melanoma. Vaccination of mice with an ALDH(high) SCC7 CSC-DC vaccine after surgical excision of established SCC7 tumors reduced local tumor relapse and prolonged host survival.

Mesenchymal stem cells promote colorectal cancer progression through AMPK/mTOR-mediated NF-κB activation.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert a tumor-promoting effect in a variety of human cancers. This study was designed to identify the molecular mechanisms related to the tumor-promoting effect of MSCs in colorectal cancer. In vitro analysis of colorectal cancer cell lines cultured in MSC conditioned media (MSC-CM) showed that MSC-CM significantly promoted the progression of the cancer cells by enhancing cell proliferation, migration and colony formation.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells suppress CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses in autoimmune hepatitis.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been demonstrated with possess the ability to suppress T‑cell responses. Therefore, MDSCs are an attractive candidate for immune intervention aimed at reconstituting self‑tolerance in autoimmune conditions. The present study investigated the frequency and function of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and examined its correlation with disease progression.

Antitumor effector B cells directly kill tumor cells via the Fas/FasL pathway and are regulated by IL-10.

We have previously reported that adoptive transfer of tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) B cells confers tumor regression in a spontaneous pulmonary metastasis mouse model of breast cancer. In this study, we identified IL-10-producing cells within these B cells, and found that IL-10 removal, either by using IL-10(-/-) TDLN B cells or by systemic neutralization of IL-10, significantly augmented the therapeutic efficacy of adoptively transferred TDLN B cells. Depletion of IL-10 in B-cell adoptive transfers significantly increased CTLs and B-cell activity of PBMCs and splenic cells in the recipient.

Blockade of Cav2.1-mediated NMDA receptor signaling disrupts conditioned fear extinction.

Although fear extinction requires N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling, Cav2.1-regulated synaptic function in extinction remains unknown. This study examined whether Cav2.