Alterations in whole muscle quality and physiological cross-sectional area measured with quantitative MRI following ACL injury.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that there are morphological and physiological changes to the vastus lateralis after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. However, it is unclear whether these alterations are limited to just the vastus lateralis or are more representative of widespread changes across the thigh musculature and/or if these changes precede reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine T1ρ relaxation time, a measure of extracellular matrix organization in muscle, and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) for muscles of the quadriceps and hamstrings of the ACL-deficient and contralateral limbs soon after ACL injury.

CSF1-R inhibition attenuates posttraumatic osteoarthritis and quadriceps atrophy following ligament injury.

Knee osteoarthritis contributes substantially to worldwide disability. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) develops secondary to joint injury, such as ligament rupture, and there is increasing evidence suggesting a key role for inflammation in the aetiology of PTOA and associated functional deficits. Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1-R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal degeneration following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Can the Bladder Itself "Measure" Volume, and Thereby Help to Determine When Initiation of Voiding Should Occur? ICI-RS 2024.

Aims: To answer the question of whether the bladder itself can to any extent control or modulate the initiation of voiding.

Methods: This subject was discussed at the International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society (ICI-RS) 2024 conference in Bristol, UK in a proposal session.

Results: Cells in the bladder wall sense the local environment via a diverse array of ion channels and receptors which together provide input to motor-sensory and signal transduction mechanisms.

State drug caps associated with fewer Medicaid-covered prescriptions for opioid use disorder, 2017-2022.

The Medicaid program is the largest payer of opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment, including medications for OUD (MOUD). Because of budget neutrality requirements, some Medicaid programs use prescription drug caps to limit the monthly number of prescriptions an enrollee can fill. This study examined the association between Medicaid prescription drug caps and Medicaid-covered prescriptions for 2 forms of MOUD (buprenorphine and naltrexone) from 2017 to 2022 using fee-for-service and managed care data from Medicaid's State Drug Utilization Data.

What do we really know about the external urethral sphincter?

The external urethral sphincter (EUS), composed of skeletal muscle, along with a smooth muscle-lined internal urethral sphincter (IUS), have crucial roles in maintaining continence during bladder filling and facilitating urine flow during voiding. Disruption of this complex activity has profound consequences on normal lower urinary tract function during the micturition cycle. However, relatively little is known about the normal and pathological functions of these particular muscle types, how activity can be manipulated and regulated and why, for example, loss of EUS function and sarcopenia is associated with ageing.

DNA hypomethylation promotes UHRF1-and SUV39H1/H2-dependent crosstalk between H3K18ub and H3K9me3 to reinforce heterochromatin states.

Mono-ubiquitination of lysine 18 on histone H3 (H3K18ub), catalyzed by UHRF1, is a DNMT1 docking site that facilitates replication-coupled DNA methylation maintenance. Its functions beyond this are unknown. Here, we genomically map simultaneous increases in UHRF1-dependent H3K18ub and SUV39H1/H2-dependent H3K9me3 following DNMT1 inhibition.

Changes in Postpartum Opioid Prescribing After Implementation of State Opioid Prescribing Limits.

Importance: In response to the growing opioid crisis, states implemented opioid prescribing limits to reduce exposure to opioid analgesics. Research in other clinical contexts has found that these limits are relatively ineffective at changing opioid analgesic prescribing.

Objective: To examine the association of state-level opioid prescribing limits with opioid prescribing within the 30-day postpartum period, as disaggregated by type of delivery (vaginal vs cesarean) and opioid naivete.

Disruption of circadian rhythm as a potential pathogenesis of nocturia.

Increasing evidence suggested the multifactorial nature of nocturia, but the true pathogenesis of this condition still remains to be elucidated. Contemporary clinical medications are mostly symptom based, aimed at either reducing nocturnal urine volume or targeting autonomic receptors within the bladder to facilitate urine storage. The day-night switch of the micturition pattern is controlled by circadian clocks located both in the central nervous system and in the peripheral organs.

Changes in legal referrals to specialty substance use disorder treatment from 2015-2019.

Background: The policy landscape around substance use has changed dramatically in the past decade, which may have affected the number and characteristics of treatment episodes for substance use disorder (SUD). In this study, we examine changes in the volume of SUD treatment referrals from the legal system and compare changes in the composition of substances used by referral source. We used publicly available discharge data on specialty SUD treatment episodes in the U.

Expression of Wnt signaling proteins in rare congenital bladder disorders.

Introduction And Aims: Congenital bladder anomalies are rare and are a leading cause of end stage renal failure in children. The Wnt signaling pathway, important during embryonic development, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of these conditions through regulation of gene expression, including essential transcription factors. We investigated the expression of four Wnt transcriptional targets, namely, Pygopus 1 (Pygo1), Connexin 43 (Cx43), FRA1 and TCF7L1 in three rare congenital bladder disorders: bladder exstrophy (BE), neurogenic bladder (NGB) and posterior urethral valves (PUV).

The 24-hour molecular landscape after exercise in humans reveals MYC is sufficient for muscle growth.

A detailed understanding of molecular responses to a hypertrophic stimulus in skeletal muscle leads to therapeutic advances aimed at promoting muscle mass. To decode the molecular factors regulating skeletal muscle mass, we utilized a 24-h time course of human muscle biopsies after a bout of resistance exercise. Our findings indicate: (1) the DNA methylome response at 30 min corresponds to upregulated genes at 3 h, (2) a burst of translation- and transcription-initiation factor-coding transcripts occurs between 3 and 8 h, (3) changes to global protein-coding gene expression peaks at 8 h, (4) ribosome-related genes dominate the mRNA landscape between 8 and 24 h, (5) methylation-regulated MYC is a highly influential transcription factor throughout recovery.

Think Tank 2: How Do We Precisely Define the "High Risk Bladder" and What Are the Interrelationships Between Inflammation, Blood Flow, Fibrosis, and Loss of Bladder Compliance?

Introduction: Defining "high-risk bladder" or "high-pressure bladder" involves recognizing the potential for an unsafe lower urinary tract, where dysfunction in storage and micturition can threaten upper urinary tract health, leading to unfavorable outcomes like dialysis, recurrent infections, systemic impact, or mortality.

Methods: ICI-RS was held in Bristol in June 2024, and Think Tank 2 aimed to define research priorities including identifying clinical predictors and developing prevention and monitoring strategies.

Results: Risk factors encompass both congenital and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, bladder outlet obstruction, vascular diseases, and inflammatory disorders, but a validated stratification risk is lacking.

The Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction Training to Improve Quadriceps Muscle Function after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is a popular rehabilitation intervention after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, there are a lack of clinical trials establishing the efficacy of using BFRT during rehabilitation to improve quadriceps muscle function.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of blood flow restriction training to improve quadriceps muscle strength, morphology, and physiology, and knee biomechanics in individuals after ACLR in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT03364647).

Learning from each other: Cross-cutting diagnostic development activities between magnetic and inertial confinement fusion (invited).

Inertial Confinement Fusion and Magnetic Confinement Fusion (ICF and MCF) follow different paths toward goals that are largely common. In this paper, the claim is made that progress can be accelerated by learning from each other across the two fields. Examples of successful cross-community knowledge transfer are presented that highlight the gains from working together, specifically in the areas of high-resolution x-ray imaging spectroscopy and neutron spectrometry.

Decoding the decline: unveiling drivers of sarcopenia.

There remains a critical need to define molecular pathways underlying sarcopenia to identify putative therapeutic targets. Research in the mechanisms of aging and sarcopenia relies heavily on preclinical rodent models. In this issue of the JCI, Kerr et al.

Aging in isolation: Sexual orientation differences in navigating cognitive decline.

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline is a self-reported measure of worsening memory and day-to-day decision making. Cognitive decline may impair an individual's ability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) such as preparing meals or taking medication, ultimately limiting one's ability to live independently. People with IADL impairments typically rely on informal care from spouses or children.

Methylome-proteome integration after late-life voluntary exercise training reveals regulation and target information for improved skeletal muscle health.

Exercise is a potent stimulus for combatting skeletal muscle ageing. To study the effects of exercise on muscle in a preclinical setting, we developed a combined endurance-resistance training stimulus for mice called progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR). PoWeR improves molecular, biochemical, cellular and functional characteristics of skeletal muscle and promotes aspects of partial epigenetic reprogramming when performed late in life (22-24 months of age).

A better understanding of basic science may help our management of LUTS/LUTD in older persons with nocturnal polyuria and nocturia: ICI-RS 2024.

Aims: To discuss the role of autocrine/paracrine signaling of urothelial arginine vasopressin (AVP) on mammalian bladder capacities and micturition thresholds, impact of distension on water/urea reabsorption from the bladder, review of the literature to better characterize the central/peripheral effects of AVP, desmopressin (dAVP) toxicity, and urine biomarkers of nocturia.

Methods: This review summarizes discussions during an International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society 2024 think tank with respect to the role of urothelial AVP in aged individuals with nocturnal polyuria, impact of solute and water reabsorption by the bladder on uninterrupted sleep, central effects of AVP, pharmacological basis of dAVP toxicity, and biomarkers in nocturia/lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) with neurological diseases.

Results: Consensus recognized AVP function and pathways in the central nervous system (CNS), pre-proAVP localized using immunohistochemistry in bladder sections from adult/aged noncancerous human punch biopsies and rodent bladder sections is likely to accelerate the systemic uptake of water and urea from the bladder of anesthetized mice instilled with H-water and C-urea.

Alliance for Scientific Autism Intervention: System Components and Outcome Data from High-Quality Service Delivery Organizations.

Promoting excellence in autism intervention is arguably more urgent than ever for the field of applied behavior analysis. To fulfill this objective, autism agencies must operate from validated program systems and do so with fidelity. Program components include, but are not limited to, staff training and evaluation of clinical skills, functional personnel roles designed to promote positive outcomes for those served, and professional staff-communication-skill repertoires.