Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for clinically distressed health care workers: Waitlist-controlled evaluation of an ACT workshop in a routine practice setting.

Objectives: To examine the effects of a 1-day acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) workshop on the mental health of clinically distressed health care employees, and to explore ACT's processes of change in a routine practice setting.

Design: A quasi-controlled design, with participants block allocated to an ACT intervention or waiting list control group based on self-referral date.

Methods: Participants were 35 health care workers who had self-referred for the ACT workshop via a clinical support service for staff.

The relationship between emotional recognition ability and challenging behaviour in adults with an intellectual disability: a systematic review.

This review questions whether a relationship exists between emotional recognition ability and challenging behaviour in people with an intellectual disability. A search was completed of a number of databases to identify relevant articles, and these were then evaluated against defined criteria. Eight articles were reviewed and their aims, study methodology, samples, measurement tools and findings are discussed and evaluated.

A study examining the relationship between alexithymia and challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability.

Background: Research suggesting that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have difficulties in recognising emotions provides a rationale for studying alexithymia in this population. A number of studies have found a relationship between alexithymia and challenging behaviours in various populations and this study aims to discover if this is the case for people with ID.

Method: Cross-sectional data were collected from 96 participants with ID and 95 of their carers.

A preliminary study into the relationship between emotional perception ability and challenging behaviour in adults with an intellectual disability.

This preliminary study explores the relationships between challenging behaviour and emotional perception in a population of adults with intellectual disabilities, in order to establish whether there are grounds for further study. Cross-sectional data were collected from 96 participants with intellectual disabilities and 95 carers. The service user participants completed the Emotional Perception Questionnaire, whilst carers completed the Checklist for Challenging Behaviour.

The use of a cognitive battery to predict who will fail an on-road driving test.

Objectives: There is a growing need to find a valid and reliable neuropsychological battery to screen out those people who are clearly unsafe to drive following brain injury or pathology, and thus alleviate the need to refer for an on-road assessment.

Design: A battery of cognitive tests fine-tuned for their relevance to driving was examined in terms of its sensitivity and specificity for predicting who would fail an on-road test following brain injury or pathology.

Method: Performance on the battery was compared to the results of an on-road driving test in a consecutive series of 142 clients referred to a driving assessment centre following brain injury or pathology.

The process of coping following child sexual abuse:a qualitative study.

This research employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches to studying the immediate and long-term coping strategies adopted by survivors of child sexual abuse, focusing on how strategies evolve over time. Qualitative findings showed that coping with child sexual abuse is not static, but changes over time. The narratives of these nonclinical survivors suggest that an adaptive outcome may be associated with a particular evolution of strategies across time, i.

The psychological benefit of orthodontic treatment. Its relevance to dental health education.

In March 1989 the third stage of a major longitudinal survey examining the psychological, social and dental effects of malocclusion and the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment was undertaken. The aim of the research was to assess the benefit of receiving dental treatment with a particular interest in orthodontic treatment. The benefits investigated were dental, psychological and social.

Bittering agents in the prevention of accidental poisoning: children's reactions to denatonium benzoate (Bitrex).

The responses of young children to Denatonium Benzoate (Bitrex) were observed, in order to assess the potential of this bittering agent in the prevention of accidental poisoning. Thirty-three children aged 17-36 months were offered orange juice containing Bitrex (in a concentration of 10 parts per million). Of the 30 children who took some of this juice, only seven were willing to take more than 10 gm.

The effects of social class on the uptake of orthodontic treatment.

The relationship between social class and uptake of orthodontic treatment was investigated in a longitudinal cohort study of 1018 children living in South Glamorgan, Wales. Previous studies have shown that working class people make less use of dental services and receive inferior dental care than middle class people. The present investigation examined the role of one factor which appears likely to contribute to this effect: namely, the uptake of orthodontic treatment by families from different social classes.

An evaluation of the psychological and social effects of malocclusion: some implications for dental policy making.

Initial findings are reported from a longitudinal study investigating the effects of malocclusion on dental health and psychological well-being and the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment. Implicit in the orthodontic intervention decision process is the view that there are discernible social and psychological benefits of good occlusion. This view has not been adequately validated.

Dental and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment: a strategy for investigation.

Study of the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment is complicated by a variety of factors, including the need for longitudinal, multidisciplinary appraisal and difficulties of randomisation, control and sample composition. This report outlines a recent initiative adopting a longitudinal, observational approach with a cohort of approximately 1000 12-yr-olds, selected by disproportionate stratified sampling in order that occlusal features of low prevalence, but high orthodontic interest, would be well represented. In the event, 4810 subjects were listed and after certain exclusions, 3420 children were screened.

The sexual nature of sexual abuse. A review of the literature.

The growing literature on sexual abuse within the family is reviewed within the context of a simple model which emphasises the role of sexual factors and de-emphasises some of the more "dynamic" factors which many other authors have stressed. Evidence from a number of studies is quoted and found to support the view that fathers engaging in sexual activity with their daughters often have unfulfilled sexual needs. They often find the child or children sexually attractive and use a variety of strategies both to deal with their own inhibitions against sexual involvement with the child and to overcome the child's own potential resistance.