Sentinel fracture: the necessity of improved post-fracture care.

Fragility fractures caused by osteoporosis, the most common metabolic bone disease, place a significant burden on affected individuals and impose substantial economic costs. A fragility fracture implies an imminent elevated risk for subsequent fractures, particularly in the short term. Therefore, osteoporosis must be addressed in the event of a sentinel fracture, if not already previously treated.

Red blood cell distribution width and Charlson comorbidity index help to identify frail polytraumatized patients : Experiences from a level I trauma center.

Introduction: Little is known about the potential impact of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and pre-existing comorbidities on the late-phase survival of polytraumatized patients.

Methods: A total of 173 polytraumatized patients were included retrospectively in this cohort study in a level I trauma center from January 2012 to December 2015. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores and RDW values were evaluated.

Transient Post-Natal Exposure to Xenoestrogens Induces Long-Term Alterations in Cardiac Calcium Signaling.

Today, non-communicable disorders are widespread worldwide. Among them, cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of death. At the origin of these diseases, exposure to challenges during developmental windows of vulnerability (peri-conception, in utero, and early infancy periods) have been incriminated.

Dust and microbial filtration performance of regular and antimicrobial HVAC filters in realistic conditions.

Two polypropylene HVAC electret filters: a regular filter and an antimicrobial filter containing zinc pyrithione (ZPT), were compared for filtration performance. The study was conducted over 7 months in realistic conditions with semi-urban outdoor air. Several parameters were monitored over the study period: the average temperature was about 20 °C and relative humidity about 60%, the average inlet concentration of cultivable microorganisms was 50 CFU m, the average inlet concentration of particles was 10 μg m, the filter pressure drop increased moderately by about 30 Pa, and the particle collection efficiency of soda fluorescein (median diameter 0.

Correction to: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with an increased risk of bleeding.

Correction to: Wien Klin Wochenschr 2018 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-018-1381-5 Unfortunately, the original version of this article contained two mistakes.

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with an increased risk of bleeding.

The non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have considerably changed clinical practice and are increasingly being used as an alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for 3 main reasons: 1) an improved benefit-risk ratio (in particular lower rates of intracranial bleeding), 2) a more predictable effect without the need for routine monitoring, and 3) fewer food and drug interactions compared with VKAs. Currently, there are four NOACs available: the factor Xa inhibitors apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban, and the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. This consensus paper reviews the properties and usage of NOACs in a number of high-risk patient populations, such as patients with chronic kidney disease, patients ≥80 years of age and others and provides guidance for the use of NOACs in patients at risk of bleeding.

Continuous versus intermittent neuromuscular blockade in patients during targeted temperature management after resuscitation from cardiac arrest-A randomized, double blinded, double dummy, clinical trial.

Aim Of The Study: Current guidelines recommend targeted temperature management to improve neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. Evidence regarding an ideal sedative/analgesic regimen including skeletal muscle paralysis is limited.

Methods: Patients were randomized to either a continuous administration of rocuronium (continuous-NMB-group) or to a continuous administration of saline supplemented by rocuronium bolus administration if demanded (bolus-NMB-group).

Immunohistochemical detection of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 and 5 in human multiple sclerosis lesions.

Aims: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulating therapies are currently in the clinic or undergoing investigation for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. However, the expression of S1PRs is still unclear in the central nervous system under normal conditions and during neuroinflammation.

Methods: Using immunohistochemistry we examined tissues from both grey and white matter MS lesions for sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1 ) and 5 (S1P5 ) expression.

Lipid-induced insulin resistance is not mediated by impaired transcapillary transport of insulin and glucose in humans.

Increased lipid availability reduces insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle, which is generally explained by fatty acid-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling. It remains unclear whether lipids also impair transcapillary transport of insulin and glucose, which could become rate controlling for glucose disposal. We hypothesized that lipid-induced insulin resistance is induced by inhibiting myocellular glucose uptake and not by interfering with the delivery of insulin or glucose.

Chemical inducers and transcriptional markers of oligodendrocyte differentiation.

Oligodendrocytes generate and maintain myelin, which is essential for axonal function and protection of the mammalian central nervous system. To advance our molecular understanding of differentiation by these cells, we screened libraries of pharmacologically active compounds and identified inducers of differentiation of Oli-neu, a stable cell line of mouse oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs). We identified four broad classes of inducers, namely, forskolin/cAMP (protein kinase A activators), steroids (glucocorticoids and retinoic acid), ErbB2 inhibitors, and nucleoside analogs, and confirmed the activity of these compounds on rat primary oligodendrocyte precursors and mixed cortical cultures.

Cold aortic flush and chest compressions enable good neurologic outcome after 15 mins of ventricular fibrillation in cardiac arrest in pigs.

Objective: The induction of deep cerebral hypothermia via ice-cold saline aortic flush during prolonged ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest, followed by hypothermic stasis and delayed resuscitation (emergency preservation and resuscitation), improved neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest in pigs, as compared to conventional resuscitation. We hypothesized that emergency preservation and resuscitation with chest compressions would further improve outcome in the same model.

Design: Prospective experimental study.

Platelet hyperfunction is decreased by additional aspirin loading in patients presenting with myocardial infarction on daily aspirin therapy.

Objective: Currently 162-325 mg aspirin is recommended for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. We tested the effect of an additional loading dose of 250 mg aspirin at the onset of acute coronary syndrome in patients who were already on chronic therapy with 100 mg aspirin.

Design: This was a prospective trial in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome that included a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial subgroup.

Pronounced platelet hyperfunction in patients with cardiac arrest achieving restoration of spontaneous circulation.

Objective: Markers of platelet activation are increased in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Hyperfunctional platelets may contribute to impairment of microcirculatory function and overall poor outcome despite restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Patients with myocardial infarction have hyperfunctional platelets, which predict the degree of myocardial necrosis.

L-Proline uptake in Crithidia deanei is influenced by its endosymbiont bacterium.

Crithidia deanei, a monoxenic trypanosomatid, presents an endosymbiotic bacterium in its cytoplasm. Both the protozoan and the bacterium maintain intensive metabolic exchange, resulting in an interesting model to study the coevolution of metabolisms. The relevance of l-proline for the growth of C.

Emergency preservation and resuscitation improve survival after 15 minutes of normovolemic cardiac arrest in pigs.

Objective: Outcome after prolonged normovolemic cardiac arrest is poor, and new resuscitation strategies have to be found. We hypothesized that the induction of deep hypothermia for emergency preservation and resuscitation (EPR) during prolonged cardiac arrest, before the start of reperfusion, will mitigate the deleterious cascades leading to neuronal death and will thus improve outcome.

Design: Prospective experimental study.

Rapid non-invasive external cooling to induce mild therapeutic hypothermia in adult human-sized swine.

Aim Of The Study: Mild therapeutic hypothermia is a promising new therapy for patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Early and fast induction of hypothermia seems to be crucial for best results. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of a new surface cooling method using cold metal plates.

Phosphatidylcholine synthesis in Crithidia deanei: the influence of the endosymbiont.

In this study, the role of phospholipid biosynthetic pathways was investigated in the establishment of the mutualistic relationship between the trypanosomatid protozoan Crithidia deanei and its symbiotic bacterium. Although the endosymbiont displays two unit membranes, it lacks a typical Gram-negative cell wall. As in other intracellular bacteria, phosphatidylcholine is a major component of the symbiont envelope.

Can brain natriuretic peptide predict outcome after cardiac arrest? An observational study.

Background: No accurate, independent biomarker has been identified that could reliably predict neurological outcome early after cardiac arrest. We speculated that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) measured at hospital admission may predict patient outcome.

Methods: BNP-levels were measured in 155 comatose cardiac arrest survivors (108 male, 58 years [IQR 49-68]) (median time to ROSC 11min; IQR 20-30) during a 6-year study period.

Platelet function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) predicts recurrent ACS.

Background: Platelet hyperfunction contributes to acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Thus, we hypothesized that platelet function under high shear stress predicts recurrent ACS during long-term follow-up of ACS patients.

Patients And Methods: Consecutive ACS patients (n = 208) were prospectively followed-up for an average of 28 months.

Rapid induction of cerebral hypothermia by aortic flush during normovolemic cardiac arrest in pigs.

Objective: Induction of deep cerebral hypothermia before reperfusion might improve neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that an aortic flush with cold saline during cardiac arrest is able to induce deep cerebral hypothermia and that the cooling efficiency can be enhanced by a) increasing the arteriovenous pressure gradient during the flush with vasopressin; b) improving the cerebral microcirculation during the flush with the thrombolytic agent alteplase; and c) increasing the arteriovenous pressure gradient further with venting the right heart by draining blood during the flush.

Design: Prospective randomized experimental study.

An endosymbiont positively modulates ornithine decarboxylase in host trypanosomatids.

Some trypanosomatids, such as Crithidia deanei, are endosymbiont-containing species. Aposymbiotic strains are obtained after antibiotic treatment, revealing interesting aspects of this symbiotic association. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) promotes polyamine biosynthesis and contributes to cell proliferation.

[Videophone assistance and home hospitalization: the ViSaDom program].

Objective: The purpose of this project was to study the clinical feasibility of videophone-based communication between patients in their homes, and the care teams who work in the Home Hospitalization department (HH).

Methods: This pilot study of videophone users compared them with a group of control patients also in HH. They came from either the adult, maternity or pediatric departments.