The XENONnT dark matter experiment.

The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.

An all-digital nuclear medicine department. 1983 [classical article].

An all-digital nuclear medicine department is described. Nuclear medicine images are acquired by a separate computer interfaced to each camera. The digital images are viewed, manipulated, and interpreted from remote display stations in an interpretation area.

Clinical pretreatment risk factors and Ga-67 scintigraphy early during treatment for prediction of outcome of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Background: Clinical pretreatment risk factors indicate the severity of disease in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Ga-67 scintigraphy during treatment is an early indicator of treatment-related features of lymphoma cells. The ability of risk factors and Ga-67 to predict disease outcome was compared in 139 patients with aggressive NHL.

The expurgation of medical books in sixteenth-century Spain.

Medical books figured prominently on lists of scientific books censured or expurgated by ecclesiastic authorities in the second half of the sixteenth century. A systematic examination of this censorship is still wanting. The following study, which describes and explains the mechanism of expurgation of centuria iv in Amatus Lusitanus's description of medical cases (Lyons edition, 1580), is an example of the sort of questions and information that can be drawn from such an examination.

Quantitative bone single-photon emission computed tomography for prediction of pain relief in metastatic bone disease treated with rhenium-186 etidronate.

Purpose: To calculate radiation doses of rhenium-186 ((186)Re) etidronate in painful bone metastases using quantitative bone single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and to determine the threshold dose for predicting pain relief. We also wanted to determine whether technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) methylene diphosphonate (MDP) concentrations predict radiation doses of (186)Re etidronate in painful lesions.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight patients with breast and prostate cancer were evaluated.

Aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma: early prediction of outcome with 67Ga scintigraphy.

Purpose: To evaluate use of gallium 67 scintigraphy early during chemotherapy to predict the outcome in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Materials And Methods: Among 118 patients, 67Ga scintigraphy was performed after one cycle of chemotherapy in 51 patients, after a median of 3.5 cycles in 97 patients, and both in 30 patients.

Hodgkin disease: prediction of outcome with 67Ga scintigraphy after one cycle of chemotherapy.

Purpose: To investigate gallium 67 scintigraphy performed early during treatment as a means to predict outcome and thus to optimize treatment of Hodgkin disease (HD) in the future.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-eight patients with HD were examined. Thirty-one patients underwent 67Ga scintigraphy after one chemotherapy cycle and 83 patients after a mean 3.

Prediction of bone loss in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism using quantitative bone SPECT.

Unlabelled: Bone loss is a major complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and it has significant implications in the treatment of this disease. Bone turnover was measured in patients with PHPT, using quantitative bone SPECT (QBS), to determine if the rate of bone loss could be predicted before a significant decrease in bone mass occurs.

Methods: Forty-six patients were included in the study.

Quantitative bone SPECT in young males with delayed puberty and hypogonadism: implications for treatment of low bone mineral density.

Unlabelled: Constitutional delayed puberty (DP) and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) lead to osteoporosis in adult men. We were interested in whether response to treatment of these conditions by testosterone could be predicted by in vivo quantitative bone SPECT (QBS) measurement of bone turnover and whether testosterone administration affects bone mineral density (BMD) in these subjects.

Methods: In vivo QBS and BMD measurements were performed in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) of 29 young men with DP and 16 young men with IHH.

Benign proliferative lesions mimicking recurrence of Hodgkin's disease.

Salvage treatment in patients with recurrent Hodgkin's disease is more effective when tumor burden is minimal. That is why more intensive follow-up strategies, including frequent imaging tests, have been recently developed for the detection of early relapse. However, as screening procedures become more sensitive, there is an increasing risk of false-positive results, demonstrating nonmalignant proliferative disorders.

The continuing clinical role of gallium 67 scintigraphy in the age of receptor imaging.

Gallium 67 scintigraphy is useful clinically for assessment of tumor viability after treatment of Hodgkin's and nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Because more than 50% of the patients with complete response have a residual mass after treatment, computed tomography is not a good test to determine if a patient has reached a complete response. 67Ga scintigraphy, on the other hand, has a sensitivity of 76% to 100% and specificity of 75% to 96% to determine if a residual mass is a residual cancer or made up only of fibrosis and necrosis.

Utility of gallium-67 scintigraphy in low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Purpose: Low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (LGNHL) has traditionally been considered non-gallium-avid. The sensitivity of gallium 67 (67Ga) scintigraphy when using modern equipment and techniques in patients with LGNHL was investigated.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-seven consecutive patients with LGNHL underwent 67Ga scintigraphy at initial presentation (n = 40), when tumor progression occurred during treatment (n = 3), and at suspected disease recurrence after continuous clinical remission (CCR) (n = 14).

Diffuse lung uptake of Ga-67 after treatment of lymphoma: is it of clinical importance?

Purpose: To determine if diffuse lung uptake (DLU) of gallium-67 at scintigraphy in patients with lymphoma is indicative of lymphomatous involvement of the lungs.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight patients (24 male, 14 female; aged 15-76 years) with DLU were examined. The relation between DLU and lymphoma was investigated.

Detection of permanent damage in kidneys with vesicoureteral reflux by quantitative single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) uptake of 99mtechnetium labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid.

Purpose: We determined the level of functional damage to the kidney which inhibits further growth.

Materials And Methods: Renal functional volume and percent uptake of 34 kidneys with reflux were studied by performing sequential quantitative single photon emission computerized tomography 2 times at a mean interval of 3.2 years.

Ga-67 scintigraphy with a dual-head camera.

High quality images are necessary for correct interpretation of Ga-67 studies in lymphoma. The authors were interested if there is a significant change in the quality of the Ga-67 images using a newly introduced dual-head camera compared with a conventional single-head camera. The tomographic spatial resolution, full width at half maximum, was found to be 9.

Single-photon emission computed tomography quantitation of gallium citrate uptake for the differentiation of lymphoma from benign hilar uptake.

Purpose: To assess the role of quantitative gallium citrate (Ga 67) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in differentiating lymphoma from benign hilar uptake, concentrations of Ga 67 in 29 sites of documented lymphoma and in 75 benign lesions were compared.

Patients And Methods: One hundred seven thoracic Ga 67 SPECT studies obtained in 101 consecutive lymphoma patients were reviewed. Fifty-nine studies detected Ga 67 uptake in the hilar and or mediastinal regions.

The role of Ga-67 scintigraphy in evaluating the results of therapy of lymphoma patients.

Gallium-67 scintigraphy using high-dose, modern equipment, and SPECT plays an important role in the evaluation of patients with lymphoma after treatment. Being a viability agent, taken up by lymphomatous, but not by necrotic or fibrotic tissue, it is used to assess the nature of a residual mass after treatment. Gallium also predicts disease-free survival and overall survival after treatment.

SPECT in avulsion injury of the multifidus and rotator muscles of the lumbar region.

A 37-year-old man was investigated for a work-related back injury with plain radiography, CT scan, bone scintigraphy, and SPECT. SPECT was able to demonstrate multiple sites of increased isotope uptake not seen on plain radiographs, CT scan, or planar images. Consequently, the diagnosis of avulsion injury of the multifidus and rotator muscles of the lumbar region was made.

SPECT quantitation of cobalt-57-bleomycin to predict treatment response and outcome of patients with lung cancer.

Unlabelled: Our hypothesis is that the concentration of 57Co-bleomycin (Co-bleo) in lung tumors reflects tumor cell kinetics and thus, prognosis. The relationship between the tumor concentration of Co-bleo measured in vivo by quantitative SPECT, response to chemotherapy and survival was investigated.

Methods: Twenty patients with small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and 49 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were studied.

Gallium-67 uptake in a mass of benign transformation mimicking recurrence of nodular lymphocytic predominance Hodgkin's disease.

Gallium-67 is now widely used in the management of lymphoma patients. It is not, however, tumor-specific and reasons for uptake in nonmalignant and premalignant lesions associated with lymphoma should be recognized. Gallium-67 uptake in a mass of progressively transformed germinal centers and sarcoid-like reaction, mimicking recurrence in a 31-yr-old man with nodular lymphocytic predominance Hodgkin's disease, is described.

Quantitative SPECT of technetium-99m-DMSA uptake in the kidneys of normal children and in kidneys with vesicoureteral reflux: detection of unilateral kidney disease.

Unlabelled: Quantitative SPECT was used to evaluate renal functional volume (cc), percent of injected dose/cc (%ID/cc) and renal uptake (%) in 11 children with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux grade 3 or greater, and in 19 normal control children without reflux.

Methods: Studies were performed 4-6 hr after intravenous injection of 0.750-2 mCi of 99mTc-DMSA.

Early detection of lymphoma recurrence with gallium-67 scintigraphy.

Early detection of tumor relapse in lymphoma patients is often a difficult diagnostic problem. CT, which detects a mass, often cannot differentiate between fibrosis or relapsed tumor. For this reason, we have studied the value of 67Ga scintigraphy in the diagnosis of tumor recurrence.