Plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY levels are not altered in symptomatic fructose-sorbitol malabsorption.

Objective: Carbohydrate malabsorption causes more symptoms in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders than in healthy individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether this could be explained by differences in ileal brake hormone secretion.

Material And Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients with functional abdominal complaints, referred to our clinic for investigation of self-reported food hypersensitivity, were included in the study and compared with 15 healthy volunteers.

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical characterization of Nipah virus infection in the guinea pig.

Mortality rate in humans infected with Nipah virus (NiV) has been reported as high as 92%. Humans infected with NiV show a widespread multisystemic vasculitis with most severe clinical and pathologic manifestations in the brain, lungs, and spleen. The purpose of this study was to study pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in guinea pigs infected with NiV.

Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication, relapse and rehospitalisation in recent-onset schizophrenia.

Background: The aims of this study were to describe outcome with respect to persistent psychotic symptoms, relapse of positive symptoms, hospital admissions, and application of treatment by coercion among patients with recent onset schizophrenia being adherent and non-adherent to anti-psychotic medication.

Materials And Methods: The study included 50 patients with recent onset schizophrenia, schizoaffective or schizophreniform disorders. The patients were clinically stable at study entry and had less than 2 years duration of psychotic symptoms.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes.

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified multiple loci at which common variants modestly but reproducibly influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Established associations to common and rare variants explain only a small proportion of the heritability of T2D. As previously published analyses had limited power to identify variants with modest effects, we carried out meta-analysis of three T2D GWA scans comprising 10,128 individuals of European descent and approximately 2.

Asymmetric Ni-catalyzed conjugate allylation of activated enones.

The nickel-catalyzed enantioselective addition of allylboronic acid pinacol ester, allylB(pin), is described. This reaction is highly effective with dialkylidene ketones and favors the allylation of the benzylidene site in nonsymmetric substrates. The reaction appears to proceed by conversion of the dialkylidene ketone substrate to an unsaturated pi-allyl complex (I), followed by reductive elimination.

Newly identified loci that influence lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease.

To identify genetic variants influencing plasma lipid concentrations, we first used genotype imputation and meta-analysis to combine three genome-wide scans totaling 8,816 individuals and comprising 6,068 individuals specific to our study (1,874 individuals from the FUSION study of type 2 diabetes and 4,184 individuals from the SardiNIA study of aging-associated variables) and 2,758 individuals from the Diabetes Genetics Initiative, reported in a companion study in this issue. We subsequently examined promising signals in 11,569 additional individuals. Overall, we identify strongly associated variants in eleven loci previously implicated in lipid metabolism (ABCA1, the APOA5-APOA4-APOC3-APOA1 and APOE-APOC clusters, APOB, CETP, GCKR, LDLR, LPL, LIPC, LIPG and PCSK9) and also in several newly identified loci (near MVK-MMAB and GALNT2, with variants primarily associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; near SORT1, with variants primarily associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; near TRIB1, MLXIPL and ANGPTL3, with variants primarily associated with triglycerides; and a locus encompassing several genes near NCAN, with variants strongly associated with both triglycerides and LDL cholesterol).

Beneficial effects of 1-year optimal medical treatment with and without additional PTA on inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis in patients with PAD. Results from the Oslo Balloon Angioplasty versus Conservative Treatment (OBACT) study.

The influence of optimal medical treatment (OMT) with or without additional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) on vascular inflammation in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD) patients was investigated. Patients with intermittent claudication (IC) and angiographically verified PAD were randomized to OMT (n = 28) or OMT + PTA (n = 28) and followed for 12 months. Ankle-brachial index (ABI), treadmill walking distances (WD), visual analogue scale (VAS), and blood sampling for the determination of selected soluble biomarkers were undertaken at baseline and after 3 and 12 months.

Catalytic enantioselective diboration, disilation and silaboration: new opportunities for asymmetric synthesis.

This article summarizes recent developments in the area of catalytic enantioselective reactions of unsaturated organic substrates with diboron, silylboron, and disilane reagents. These reactions provide new routes to the functionalization of prochiral substrates and therefore offer new strategies in asymmetric organic synthesis.

Persisting symptoms and duodenal inflammation related to Giardia duodenalis infection.

Objectives: After a large waterborne outbreak of Giardia infection in Bergen, some patients experienced persisting abdominal symptoms despite metronidazole treatment. This study aimed at investigating possible causes for their symptoms.

Methods: Over a 15 month period, 124 referred patients were evaluated in a prospective cohort analysis with a standardised investigation including duodenal biopsies and aspirate, blood tests and faecal parasite and calprotectin tests.

Lactulose breath test results in patients with persistent abdominal symptoms following Giardia lamblia infection.

Objective: Bacterial overgrowth has been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The objective of this study was to investigate whether post-infectious IBS following Giardia lamblia infection is related to intestinal bacterial overgrowth, as diagnosed by the lactulose breath test (LBT).

Material And Methods: Seventy-seven patients with persistent gastrointestinal complaints related to a recent outbreak of G.

Outcomes of preterm children according to type of delivery onset: a nationwide population-based study.

The objective of the study was to investigate whether spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm births are associated with different paediatric outcomes. A nationwide population-based study comprising 1 010 487 singletons used data from 1991 to 2001 from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register. Intrauterine fetal deaths, unknown type of delivery onset and congenital malformations were excluded.

Physical activity is associated with a low prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the Royal Norwegian Navy: a cross sectional study.

Background: Despite considerable knowledge about musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and physical, psychosocial and individual risk factors there is limited knowledge about physical activity as a factor in preventing MSD. In addition, studies of physical activity are often limited to either leisure activity or physical activity at work. Studies among military personnel on the association between physical activity at work and at leisure and MSD are lacking.

Development, mechanism, and scope of the palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allene diboration.

In the presence of a chiral phosphoramidite ligand, the palladium-catalyzed diboration of allenes can be executed with high enantioselectivity. This reaction provides high levels of selectivity with a range of aromatic and aliphatic allene substrates. Isotopic-labeling experiments, stereodifferentiating reactions, kinetic analysis, and computational experiments suggest that the catalytic cycle proceeds by a mechanism involving rate-determining oxidative addition of the diboron to Pd followed by transfer of both boron groups to the unsaturated substrate.

Intestinal gas in plain abdominal radiographs does not correlate with symptoms after lactulose challenge.

Observation: Intestinal gas production and abdominal discomfort can be triggered by the ingestion of carbohydrates such as lactulose. Using plain abdominal radiographs, we studied whether subjective complaints after a lactulose breath test would be quantitatively related to intestinal gas volumes.

Methods: Abdominal symptoms after the breath test were quantified by a written questionnaire and gas volumes were scored in plain abdominal radiographs, in 50 consecutive patients with unexplained, irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms.

Insulin producing primary ovarian carcinoid tumor.

Carcinoid tumors are slow growing and originate most frequently from gastrointestinal tissue 1. They may also appear in genital tissue like the ovaries. Primary ovarian carcinoid tumors are rare and contribute to less than 0.

Effects of integrated treatment on antipsychotic medication adherence in a randomized trial in recent-onset schizophrenia.

Objective: Interventions improving adherence to antipsychotic medication are needed. The present study examined the effects on medication adherence of 2 years of integrated treatment for patients with schizophrenia.

Method: Adherence to medication was examined in a randomized controlled trial of 2 years of integrated treatment versus standard treatment.

Staff injuries after patient-staff incidences in psychiatric acute wards.

The aim of the study was to describe the pattern of injuries to various body parts in patient-staff incidents; 507 patient-staff incidents in a psychiatric acute ward during the period 1990-1997 were included. Staff members registered 193 injuries in the head, 112 in the trunk, 265 in the upper extremities and 69 in the lower extremities. No differences between the two sexes or between different levels of education among the nurses were found in the pattern of injuries.

Preclinical testing of candidate topical microbicides for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity and tissue toxicity in a human cervical explant culture.

A human cervical explant culture was utilized for the preclinical assessment of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity and tissue toxicity of formulated, candidate topical microbicides. Products tested included cellulose acetate 1,2-benzene dicarboxylate (CAP), a carrageenan-based product (PC-515), a naphthalene sulfonate polymer (PRO 2000), a lysine dendrimer (SPL7013), a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (UC781), and an antimicrobial peptide (D2A21), along with their placebos. Cervical explants were cultured overnight with HIV-1 with or without product, washed, and monitored for signs of HIV-1 infection.

Genetic epidemiologic studies of preterm birth: guidelines for research.

Over the last decade, it has become increasingly apparent that the cause of preterm birth is multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. With the development of new technologies capable of probing the genome, exciting possibilities now present themselves to gain new insight into the mechanisms leading to preterm birth. This review aims to develop research guidelines for the conduct of genetic epidemiology studies of preterm birth with the expectation that this will ultimately facilitate the comparison of data sets between study cohorts, both nationally and internationally.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Norway's offshore petroleum industry.

Background: Since 1992, physicians have reported work-related diseases among workers in Norway's offshore petroleum industry to the Petroleum Safety Authority, as required by law.

Aims: To analyse the number of reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors (occupation and reported exposure) from 1992 to 2003.

Methods: Data from the Petroleum Safety Authority's registry of work-related diseases were analysed.

The Oslo balloon angioplasty versus conservative treatment study (OBACT)--the 2-years results of a single centre, prospective, randomised study in patients with intermittent claudication.

Objectives: To compare the effect of optimal medical treatment only (OMT) with OMT combined with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (OMT+PTA) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC).

Design: A single centre prospective, randomised study. Quality of life (QoL) was the primary outcome measure.

Modular asymmetric synthesis of 1,2-diols by single-pot allene diboration/hydroboration/cross-coupling.

Chiral allyl vinyl boronates are generated by catalytic enantioselective diboration of prochiral allenes. They may then be reacted, in situ, with a hydroborating reagent to form a novel triboron intermediate. The least hindered and most reactive C-B bond then participates in cross-coupling wherein the coupling is brought about by the same catalyst as that which catalyzed the diboration reaction.