Trans fatty acids enhance amyloidogenic processing of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP).

Hydrogenation of oils and diary products of ruminant animals leads to an increasing amount of trans fatty acids in the human diet. Trans fatty acids are incorporated in several lipids and accumulate in the membrane of cells. Here we systematically investigate whether the regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is affected by trans fatty acids compared to the cis conformation.

Intracellular APP Domain Regulates Serine-Palmitoyl-CoA Transferase Expression and Is Affected in Alzheimer's Disease.

Lipids play an important role as risk or protective factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease biochemically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ), released by proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Changes in sphingolipid metabolism have been associated to the development of AD. The key enzyme in sphingolipid de novo synthesis is serine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase (SPT).

Docosahexaenoic acid reduces amyloid beta production via multiple pleiotropic mechanisms.

Alzheimer disease is characterized by accumulation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) generated by β- and γ-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The intake of the polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been associated with decreased amyloid deposition and a reduced risk in Alzheimer disease in several epidemiological trials; however, the exact underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we systematically investigate the effect of DHA on amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic APP processing and the potential cross-links to cholesterol metabolism in vivo and in vitro.

Plasmalogen synthesis is regulated via alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate-synthase by amyloid precursor protein processing and is affected in Alzheimer's disease.

Lipids play an important role as risk or protective factors in Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by amyloid plaques composed of aggregated amyloid-beta. Plasmalogens are major brain lipids and controversially discussed to be altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and whether changes in plasmalogens are cause or consequence of AD pathology. Here, we reveal a new physiological function of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in plasmalogen metabolism.

Role of amyloid beta in lipid homeostasis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, which affects more than 35 million people worldwide, is characterized by a massive accumulation of tangles and amyloid plaques. Several risk factors linked to lipid homeostasis have been identified. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which also has a strong impact in coronary artery disease, is besides aging the most prominent risk factor in sporadic AD.

[Case report of successful therapy of necrotizing fasciitis using a device of vacuum assisted closure].

Successful wound management is reported in a case of extended and life threatening necrotizing fasciitis of the leg of a poly-morbid older woman by use of standards of septic surgery (sufficient excision of necrotic tissue, use of bacteria adapted antibiotics, programmed wound revisions) and use of an industrial supplied device of vacuum assisted closure (V.A.C.

Sarcoma of the thyroid gland: a case report.

Sarcoma of the thyroid gland is a very uncommon malignant tumor (<1% of thyroid cancers) characterized by severe local course and rapid metastatic dissemination and very poor prognosis. We report the case of an 84-year-old woman hospitalized for expiratory dyspnea, severe malnutrition and swallowing disorders leading to bronchial infection. She had a voluminous (20 cm) extra-thoracic right-neck goiter with a considerable superficial venous pattern that had developed on an old goiter before growing recently.

[MRT in clinically unclear posttraumatic knee joint lesions].

An MRI examination was performed on 31 patients with clinically questionable posttraumatic knee joint lesions. A broad range of intra- und extraarticular pathological changes was found. The correlation of MRI with arthroscopy and surgery showed a correct MRI diagnosis in 78% of the meniscal lesions (n = 18) and in 89% of the anterior cruciate ligament ruptures (n = 9).

[The gamma nail. Indications, technique and early results].

It is reported about indication, technique and the first results of 40 osteosynthesis carried out in proximal femur fractures with the help of a gamma nail. The indication of the gamma nail ranges from the lateral fracture of the femoral neck to subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. According to existing experiences the following conclusions could be drawn: The technique of this modern interlocking nailing is to be learned in a short time period.

[Pancreas transplantation with exocrine bypass to the gallbladder as receiver. Experimental results and the first clinical case].

A new procedure for intraperitoneal pancreas transplantation, donor-pancreatoduodenectomy/receiver-cholecystectomy, is described. The pancreas, with a segment of the duodenum, is placed dorsally in the peritoneal cavity. The portal vein is anastomosed to the sub-hepatic caval vein and the long aortic segment of the graft is anastomosed with the receiver's aorta.

[Tibial shaft fracture. Forms of therapy and their complications].

The rate of complications in treatment of lower leg fractures has continued to be high, which calls for critical appraisal of possible therapeutic approaches. The effectiveness of both conservative and surgical treatment has been shown by a prospective study which covers a period from 1984 to 1988. An analysis of 166 cases proved helpful in providing guidelines for therapy of closed and open lower leg fractures.

[Diagnosis of rejection after pancreatic transplantation in the minipig model].

An allogenic transplantation of the total-pancreas with duodenum was carried out in the minipig model. The oral duodenum was closed blindly and the aboral part was led out as a stoma. The portal vein of the transplant was anastomosed end-to-side in the inferior vena cava and the celiac artery of the transplant in the distal aorta.

[Pancreatoduodenal transplantation with and without the spleen in an animal experiment].

It is a report on the heterotop transplantation of the pancreas with duodenum with or without spleen to diabetic mini-pigs. 7 days after a total resection of the pancreas the truncus coeliacus of the transplant is anastomosed end-to-side with the distal aorta. The same is done with the vena cava inferior.

[Peripheral venous pressure in acute and chronic femoral-pelvic vein occlusion--an experimental study].

The behaviour of the peripheral venous pressure was checked after starvation of the venous main vessel of the pelvic limb in 34 mongrel dogs in long-term course about 40 weeks. The influence of recanalisation processes on the pressure development was excluded by the ligature model. The pressure measurements took place continuously statically and dynamically in horizontal and in oblique posture.

[Surgery of leg and pelvic venous thrombosis].

33 patients suffering from crural-pelvic venous thrombosis and having been treated surgically were now followed-up. The late results obtained were satisfactory.