Development of a lozenge for oral transmucosal delivery of trans-resveratrol in humans: proof of concept.

Resveratrol provides multiple physiologic benefits which promote healthspan in various model species and clinical trials support continued exploration of resveratrol treatment in humans. However, there remains concern regarding low bioavailability and wide inter-individual differences in absorption and metabolism in humans, which suggests a great need to develop novel methods for resveratrol delivery. We hypothesized that oral transmucosal delivery, using a lozenge composed of a resveratrol-excipient matrix, would allow resveratrol to be absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream.

Mouse breathalyzer.

Background: The development of a relatively simple, noninvasive method for estimating blood ethanol concentrations in mice will be useful in behavioral studies related to alcoholism. This study validated such a method.

Methods: The apparatus consists of a body chamber fitted with a head stock through which the mouse head protrudes.

Acute tolerance to rate-decreasing effects of single doses of ethanol.

Acute tolerance occurs when behavioral impairment is greater at a given blood ethanol concentration (BAC) on the ascending versus descending limb of the BAC-time curve following administration of a single dose of ethanol, however studies utilizing learned behaviors have not been widely reported. We assessed acute tolerance to single doses of ethanol in five Lewis rats responding under a fixed-ratio (FR8) schedule of food presentation. Response rates for food during 1-min components (ending 2, 4, 11, 18, 33, and 57 min after ethanol administration) were determined, and BAC was measured immediately after each component using a rat breathalyzer.

Rat breathalyzer.

Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize the estimation of blood alcohol (ethanol) concentration (BAC) in laboratory rats by measuring ethanol concentration in breath (BrAC) using a specialized apparatus in combination with a gas chromatography system.

Methods: The apparatus consisted of a body chamber, a plastic cylinder, from which the head of the rat protruded, a head chamber, and a water-jacketed cylinder, in which the rat's head was placed while the breath sample was collected. The breath sample was withdrawn from the head chamber through a sample loop by a Minipuls pump and then injected directly into the gas chromatography system that was equipped with a flame ionization detector for the quantification of ethanol.

Polyneuropathies associated with high titre antisulphatide antibodies: characteristics of patients with and without serum monoclonal proteins.

Objectives: Previous studies of small numbers of patients have shown that antisulphatide autoantibodies are associated with polyneuropathies having a prominent sensory component. However, clinical and electrodiagnostic features are variable. The range of clinical and electrodiagnostic findings in 19 patients with polyneuropathies and high titre (> 4500) serum IgM antisulphatide antibodies is described, together with testing for serum monoclonal (M) proteins.