Anatomical considerations for the surgical approach to the canine accessory lung lobe.

Objective: To describe (1) the surgical anatomy of the accessory lung lobe (ALL) including vasculature and pulmonary ligamentous attachments and (2) lobectomy through a right thoracotomy and median sternotomy.

Study Design: Cadaveric anatomical study.

Animals: Nine adult canine cadavers, free of disease affecting the thoracic cavity and lung parenchyma.

The effect of flushing of the common bile duct on hepatobiliary markers and short-term outcomes in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for the management of gall bladder mucocele: A randomized controlled prospective study.

Objective: To determine the effect of flushing of the common bile duct (CBD) on hepatobiliary markers and short-term outcome in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for the management of gallbladder mucocele (GBM).

Study Design: Randomized, controlled, prospective study.

Animals: Thirty-two client-owned dogs.

Systolic Anterior Motion of the Mitral Valve in the Presence of Annular Calcification.

Background: Mitral annular calcification (MAC) has been reported as a possible cause of systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve and dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. While morphologic features predisposing to SAM in other clinical settings have been described, patients with MAC+SAM have not been systematically investigated. We hypothesized that bulky calcium deposits in the mitral annulus could displace the valve toward the septum, thus promoting development of SAM.

3D Printing of Subclavian Artery: Utility for Preprocedural Planning and Correlation With Subclavian Artery Percutaneous Vascular Interventions.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing for subclavian artery (SA) percutaneous vascular interventions (PVI) may allow superior understanding of patient specific complex anatomy and aid with preprocedural planning.

Methods: Five patients with computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the neck who underwent SA PVI were queried retrospectively. 3D printing of aortic arch and great vessels was accomplished with 3D slicer software and painted with acrylic paint to highlight anatomic features.

3D Printing for Mesenteric Artery Endovascular Interventions: Feasibility and Utility for Preprocedural Planning and Angiographic Correlation.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing of mesenteric artery (MA) anatomy preprocedurally for endovascular interventions can allow strategic preprocedure planning and improve procedure-related clinical outcomes.

Methods: Three patients with computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the abdomen and pelvis who subsequently underwent MA interventions were 3D printed retrospectively, and 2 patients with symptoms and severe MA stenosis on CTA, who had not undergone intervention, were 3D printed for procedure-related planning and anatomy-specific implications. The 3D-printed models (3D-PMs) were painted with acrylic paint to highlight anatomy.

Clinical use and complications of percutaneous cystostomy pigtail catheters in 25 cats.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the indications for percutaneous pigtail catheter placement in cats requiring urine diversion, and to report the associated intra- and postoperative complications.

Methods: The medical records of cats that underwent percutaneous pigtail catheter placement for urine diversion between January 2011 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Twenty-five cats were included.

Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with acute aortic dissection.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) imposes an afterload burden on the left ventricle and increases the pressure gradient across the aortic wall. Thus, OSA may increase the risk for aortic dissection (AD).

Methods: This study enrolled 40 subjects with acute AD from four institutions; 37 completed the modified Berlin Questionnaire and 31 underwent attended overnight polysomnography.

Development of a quality of life questionnaire for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (the PANNET module).

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (panNET) are heterogeneous neoplasms usually characterised by slow growth and secretion of hormones, which often cause symptoms. The effect of these symptoms on quality of life (QoL) has not previously been examined in detail. EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) guidelines were followed in phases 1-3 to produce a potential module of questions usable for trials in panNET, focusing on three common types of panNET.

3D Printing of Renal Arteries for Endovascular Interventions: Feasibility, Utility, and Correlation With Renal Arteriograms.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is increasingly being utilized for preprocedural planning of interventional procedures. However, utility of 3D models of obstructive and clinically relevant renal artery disease has not been evaluated and could potentially assist in preprocedural planning of renal artery endovascular interventions.

Methods: Five patients with computed tomography angiography (CTA) of abdomen and pelvis who also subsequently underwent renal artery interventions were 3D printed retrospectively.

3D Printing of Carotid Artery and Aortic Arch Anatomy: Implications for Preprocedural Planning and Carotid Stenting.

Background: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been associated with increased periprocedural stroke in comparison with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Three-dimensional (3D) printing of aortic arch and carotid artery may aid with preprocedural planning and adaptive learning, possibly reducing procedure-related complications.

Methods: Five CAS cases with available computed tomography angiography (CTA) were retrospectively evaluated and 3D-printed models (3D-PMs) were made.

Long-term outcome of female dogs treated for intramural ectopic ureters with cystoscopic-guided laser ablation.

Objective: To report the complications and long-term outcome of female dogs with intramural ectopic ureter(s) (iEU) undergoing cystoscopic-guided laser ablation (CLA) and determine the effect of post-CLA neutering on urinary continence.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study.

Animals Or Sample Population: Thirty-four client-owned dogs.

Patient-Specific Coronary Artery Bypass Graft 3D Printing: Implications for Procedural Planning in Complex Percutaneous Coronary Interventions.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has seen tremendous growth in augmenting didactics, research, and preprocedural planning with structural heart procedures. Limited investigative efforts have been made in other areas of the cardiovascular spectrum. 3D-printed models (PMs) of anatomically complex coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have implications for adaptive learning and preprocedural planning.

Energy loss associated with in-vitro modeling of mitral annular calcification.

Introduction: Study aims were to compare hemodynamics and viscous energy dissipation (VED) in 3D printed mitral valves-one replicating a normal valve and the other a valve with severe mitral annular calcification (MAC). Patients with severe MAC develop transmitral gradients, without the commissural fusion typifying rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS), and may have symptoms similar to classical MS. A proposed mechanism relates to VED due to disturbed blood flow through the diseased valve into the ventricle.

Aortic stenosis calcium scoring in a racially mixed sample.

Aortic stenosis (AS) is common and increasing in prevalence as the population ages. Using computed tomography (CT) to quantify aortic valve calcification (AVC) it has been reported that men have greater degrees of calcification than women among subjects with severe AS. These data, however, were derived in largely Caucasian populations and have not been verified in non-Caucasian subjects.

Color Doppler Splay: A Clue to the Presence of Significant Mitral Regurgitation.

Background: The authors describe a previously unreported Doppler signal associated with mitral regurgitation (MR) as imaged using transthoracic echocardiography. Horizontal "splay" of the color Doppler signal along the atrial surface of the valve may indicate significant regurgitation when the MR jet otherwise appears benign.

Methods: Splay was defined as a nonphysiologic arc of color centered at the point at which the MR jet emerges into the left atrium.

Usefulness of the Echocardiographic Calcium Score to Refine Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Beyond the Traditional Framingham Risk Score.

Echocardiographic calcifications are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). A recently described semiquantitative Global Cardiac Calcium Score (GCCS) has been associated with mortality and stroke, with increasing scores associated with increasing risk. This score assigns points for calcium in the aortic root and valve, mitral valve and annulus, and submitral apparatus, with additional points for restricted leaflet mobility.

Canine urethral sphincter pressure profile under incremental inflation of an artificial cuff: a cadaver study.

Objectives: To determine whether artificial urethral sphincter filling volume is proportional to peak pressure exerted on the urethra.

Materials And Methods: Urethral pressure profilometry was performed in five female, medium-sized, mixed-breed canine cadavers following artificial urethral sphincter placement. Maximum urethral pressure was recorded following sequential incremental inflation of 0.

Long-Term Outcome of Female Dogs Treated with Static Hydraulic Urethral Sphincter for Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence.

The purpose of the study was to report the postoperative outcome, complications, and long-term follow-up of the use of a static hydraulic urethral sphincter for the management of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in female dogs. Medical records were reviewed to extract information on long-term (>365 days) outcome data. Telephone owner questionnaire was performed to assess postoperative urinary continence scores (scale 1-10, where 10 is complete continence) and the presence and frequency of complications.

A survey of current practices and influences on the choice of suture material, pattern and size used in commonly performed procedures in UK small animal veterinary practice.

Objectives: A survey of UK veterinarians was conducted to determine factors influencing suture choice and current suture practice for common surgical procedures.

Methods: An online survey was designed and the survey was sent to central practice emails obtained from the 2011 Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) practice database.

Results: Two hundred and thirty-nine surveys were completed (203 with no additional postgraduate qualifications (NAQ), 16 with RCVS certificates and 19 with diplomas).

CT based 3D printing is superior to transesophageal echocardiography for pre-procedure planning in left atrial appendage device closure.

Accurate assessment of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is important for pre-procedure planning when utilizing device closure for stroke reduction. Sizing is traditionally done with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) but this is not always precise. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of the LAA may be more accurate.

Phase III study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer satisfaction with cancer care core questionnaire (EORTC PATSAT-C33) and specific complementary outpatient module (EORTC OUT-PATSAT7).

Advances in cancer care delivery require revision and further development of questionnaires assessing patients' perceived quality of care. This study pre-tested the revised EORTC satisfaction with cancer care core questionnaire applicable in both the cancer inpatient and outpatient settings, and its new, outpatient-specific complementary module. The process of revision, development of the extended application, and pre-testing of these questionnaires was based on phases I to III of the "EORTC Quality of Life Group Module Development Guidelines.

Documenting the prevalence of hiatal hernia and oesophageal abnormalities in brachycephalic dogs using fluoroscopy.

Objectives: To report the prevalence of abnormal fluoroscopic findings in brachycephalic dogs that were presented to a referral hospital for obstructive airway syndrome.

Methods: Hospital records between May 2013 and November 2015 identified 36 brachycephalic dogs investigated for obstructive airway disease: 21 French bulldogs, six bulldogs, four Boston terriers, two pugs, two boxers and one shih-tzu. The presence or absence of hiatal hernia, delayed oesophageal transit, gastro-oesophageal reflux and redundant oesophagus were recorded.