Prevalence of Anti-HIV Antibodies at 12 Months of Age in Infants Exposed to HIV.

This study determined the prevalence of reactive HIV serology at 12 months of age in infants exposed to HIV in utero. Of the 80 patients analyzed, 50 (63.3%) were anti-HIV reactive.

Circulating Tumor DNA for Prediction of Complete Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (NEORECT Trial).

Background/objectives: Locally advanced rectal cancer is treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). As this approach achieves complete pathologic remissions (pCR) in approximately 30% of patients, it raises the question of whether surgery is always necessary. Non-surgical strategies, such as "watch and wait" (W&W), have shown similarly promising outcomes.

Supercomputer-Based Virtual Screening for Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methyltransferase 1 Inhibitors as Novel Anticancer Agents.

Targeting epigenetics is a new strategy to treat cancer and develop novel epigenetic drugs with anti-tumor activity. DNA methyltransferases transfer the methyl group from -adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to the cytosine residue in a CpG island, leading to the transcription silencing of the gene. Hypermethylation can frequently be observed in several tumor types.

Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Risk Factors for Unplanned Immediate Hysterectomy in Planned Uterine Preservation Surgery.

Objective:  Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a term used to describe trophoblast invasion into the uterine wall. The condition can be FATAL: at labor due to a lack of spontaneous separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, leading to severe hemorrhage. In this study, we aim to evaluate preoperative risk factors for unplanned immediate hysterectomy in PAS uterine-preserving surgeries.

Effect of watering before slaughter and the evisceration method on the quality characteristics of fattened goose liver.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of watering before slaughter and different evisceration methods on the quality characteristics of fattened goose liver. A total of randomly selected 60 male Greylag Landaise geese (Anser anser) were used to execute the experiment which had been force-fed during their growing period. In the slaughterhouse, randomized block design was followed and the birds were randomly divided into four experimental groups and half of the them (30 birds) were given 200 ml tap water.

Simulated inter-filament fusion in embedded 3D printing.

In embedded 3D printing (EMB3D), a nozzle extrudes continuous filaments inside of a viscoelastic support bath. Compared to other extrusion processes, EMB3D enables softer structures and print paths that conform better to the shape of the part, allowing for complex structures such as tissues and organs. However, strategies for high-quality dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties remain undocumented in EMB3D.

CACHE Challenge #1: Targeting the WDR Domain of LRRK2, A Parkinson's Disease Associated Protein.

The CACHE challenges are a series of prospective benchmarking exercises to evaluate progress in the field of computational hit-finding. Here we report the results of the inaugural CACHE challenge in which 23 computational teams each selected up to 100 commercially available compounds that they predicted would bind to the WDR domain of the Parkinson's disease target LRRK2, a domain with no known ligand and only an apo structure in the PDB. The lack of known binding data and presumably low druggability of the target is a challenge to computational hit finding methods.

Chronic activation of corticospinal tract neurons after pyramidotomy injury enhances neither behavioral recovery nor axonal sprouting.

Modulation of neural activity is a promising strategy to influence the growth of axons and improve behavioral recovery after damage to the central nervous system. The benefits of neuromodulation likely depend on optimization across multiple input parameters. Here we used a chemogenetic approach to achieve continuous, long-term elevation of neural activity in murine corticospinal tract (CST) neurons.

Microscopic Structure of Neat Linear Alkylamine Liquids: An X-Ray Scattering and Computer Simulation Study.

Linear amines, from propylamine to nonylamine, are studied under ambient conditions by X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations of various force field models. The major finding is that the prepeak in alkylamines is about 1 order of magnitude weaker than that in alkanols, hence suggesting much weaker hydrogen bonding-induced clustering of the amine groups than for the hydroxyl groups. Computer simulation studies reveal that the OPLS-UA model reproduces the prepeak, but with larger amplitudes, while the GROMOS-UA and CHARMM-AA force fields show almost no prepeak.

Exploring the metabolic profile of A. baumannii for antimicrobial development using genome-scale modeling.

With the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the World Health Organization published a catalog of microorganisms urgently needing new antibiotics, with the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii designated as "critical". Such isolates, frequently detected in healthcare settings, pose a global pandemic threat. One way to facilitate a systemic view of bacterial metabolism and allow the development of new therapeutics is to apply constraint-based modeling.

Migration of para-Nitrophenyl Groups in Methyl Pyranosides: Configuration and Conformation Determine the Kinetics.

para-Nitrophenyl (PNP) ethers of glycosides are important building blocks en route to functional carbohydrates. They are stable in neutral media, however, under basic conditions such as during the Zemplén deacylation of sugars, aryl migration is frequently observed. We have employed a library of O-PNP-substituted methyl glycosides of the manno-, galacto-, gluco- and altro-series to study the kinetics of aryl migration in MeOH/sodium methoxide using NMR spectroscopy revealing that migration between cis-oriented OH groups is faster than between trans-oriented ones.

Filament Disturbance and Fusion during Embedded 3D Printing of Silicones.

Embedded 3D printing (EMB3D) is an additive manufacturing technique that enables complex fabrication of soft materials including tissues and silicones. In EMB3D, a nozzle writes continuous filaments into a support bath consisting of a yield stress fluid. Lack of fusion defects between filaments can occur because the nozzle pushes support fluid into existing filaments, preventing coalescence.

Evaluation of Gel Coating Performance in Extending the Shelf Life of Egg: The Role of Surface Area and Initial Weight.

This work investigated the impact of chicken egg size, including surface area and initial weight, on the effectiveness of cassava starch-based gel coating during storage at room temperature. The quality of a total of 540 fresh eggs in four different sizes (S, M, L and XL) was evaluated over a 4-week storage period at 25 ± 1 °C (60-65% RH). In this research, images from a scanning electron microscope revealed that the coatings maintained their integrity across all egg sizes, effectively covering pores and cracks throughout storage.

Assessment of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics to support omadacycline dosing regimens for the treatment of patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationships for efficacy were evaluated using data from omadacycline-treated patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) enrolled in two phase 3 studies. Patients received omadacycline 100 mg intravenously (IV) every 12 hours for two doses, followed by 100 mg IV every 24 hours (q24h), with the option to switch to 300 mg oral (PO) q24h after 3 days or 450 mg PO q24h for two doses, followed by 300 mg PO q24h for a total duration of 7-14 days. Clinical response was evaluated at 48-72 hours [early clinical response (ECR)], end of treatment (EOT), and 7-14 days after EOT.

Advancing Optoglycomics: Two Orthogonal Azobenzene Glycoside Antennas in One Glycocluster-Synthesis, Switching Cycles, Kinetics and Molecular Dynamics.

Carbohydrate recognition is essential for numerous biological processes and is governed by various factors within the supramolecular environment of the cell. Photoswitchable glycoconjugates have proven as valuable tools for the investigation and modulation of carbohydrate recognition as they allow to control the relative orientation of sugar ligands by light. In order to advance the possibilities of such an "optoglycomics" approach for the glycosciences, we have synthesized a biantennary glycocluster in which two glycoazobenzene antennas are conjugated to the 3- and 6-position of a scaffold glycoside.

Pregnancy Outcomes after Uterine Preservation Surgery for Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective:  This study aimed to investigate maternal and neonatal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies of women with a history of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) compared with women without history of PAS.

Study Design:  A retrospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary center between March 2011 and January 2022. We compared women with a history of PAS who had uterine preservation surgery and a subsequent pregnancy, to a control group matched in a 1:5 ratio.

Photon-counting detector CT - first experiences in the field of musculoskeletal radiology.

The introduction of photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) marks a remarkable leap in innovation in CT imaging. The new detector technology allows X-rays to be converted directly into an electrical signal without an intermediate step via a scintillation layer and allows the energy of individual photons to be measured. Initial data show high spatial resolution, complete elimination of electronic noise, and steady availability of spectral image data sets.

Pulsed field ablation in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: an ex vivo assessment of safety.

Background: Pulse field ablation (PFA) is a novel catheter ablation technology with potential safety benefits due to its tissue selectivity. It has the potential to directly damage or interact with the functionality of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in the form of electromagnetic interference (EMI). The aim of our study was to assess the impact of PFA on CIEDs.

Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Survival on Field Packed Cantaloupe Contact Surfaces.

Field-packing of cantaloupes involves numerous food contact surfaces that can contamination melons with foodborne pathogens; the soil on these surfaces increases throughout the harvest day. Data are lacking on the cross-contamination risk from contaminated food contact surfaces under the dry conditions typical of cantaloupe field-packing operations. This study sought to evaluate the survival of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes on cantaloupe field-pack food contact surfaces using both a wet and dry inoculum to provide insights into managing foodborne pathogen contamination risks.

Machine Learning Assisted Hit Prioritization for High Throughput Screening in Drug Discovery.

Efficient prioritization of bioactive compounds from high throughput screening campaigns is a fundamental challenge for accelerating drug development efforts. In this study, we present the first data-driven approach to simultaneously detect assay interferents and prioritize true bioactive compounds. By analyzing the learning dynamics during training of a gradient boosting model on noisy high throughput screening data using a novel formulation of sample influence, we are able to distinguish between compounds exhibiting the desired biological response and those producing assay artifacts.

Metabolic Syndrome and Biotherapeutic Activity of Dairy (Cow and Buffalo) Milk Proteins and Peptides: Fast Food-Induced Obesity Perspective-A Narrative Review.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined by the outcome of interconnected metabolic factors that directly increase the prevalence of obesity and other metabolic diseases. Currently, obesity is considered one of the most relevant topics of discussion because an epidemic heave of the incidence of obesity in both developing and underdeveloped countries has been reached. According to the World Obesity Atlas 2023 report, 38% of the world population are presently either obese or overweight.