Analgesia for the Bayesian Brain: How Predictive Coding Offers Insights Into the Subjectivity of Pain.

Purpose Of Review: In order to better treat pain, we must understand its architecture and pathways. Many modulatory approaches of pain management strategies are only poorly understood. This review aims to provide a theoretical framework of pain perception and modulation in order to assist in clinical understanding and research of analgesia and anesthesia.

The Effect of Perioperative Auditory Stimulation with Music on Procedural Pain: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Music therapy has seen increasing applications in various medical fields over the last decades. In the vast range of possibilities through which music can relieve suffering, there is a risk that-given its efficacy-the physiological underpinnings are too little understood. This review provides evidence-based neurobiological concepts for the use of music in perioperative pain management.