Conceptual scaffolding for the philosophy of medicine.

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, I will introduce a philosophical toolbox that I call 'conceptual scaffolding,' which helps to reflect holistically on phenomena and concepts. I situate this framework within the landscape of conceptual analysis and conceptual engineering, exemplified by the debate about the concept of disease.

Diabetes detection from non-diabetic retinopathy fundus images using deep learning methodology.

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. Traditionally, diabetes detection from retinal images has been performed only using relevant retinopathy indications. This research aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning model which can detect the presence of diabetes from fundus imagery of eyes without any diabetic eye disease.

A Partner-Engaged Approach to Developing an Implementation Research Logic Model for a Traumatic Brain Injury-Intensive Evaluation and Treatment Program.

Background: A partnered evaluation project with Veterans Health Administration Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation program office uses a partner-engaged approach to characterize and evaluate the national implementation of traumatic brain injury (TBI)Intensive Evaluation and Treatment Program (IETP).

Objective: This paper illustrates a partner-engaged approach to contextualizing the IETP within an implementation research logic model (IRLM) to inform program sustainment and spread.

Setting: The project was conducted at five IETP sites: Tampa, Richmond, San Antonio, Palo Alto, and Minneapolis.

Effectiveness of oral prednisone tapering following intravenous methylprednisolone for acute optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis.

Acute optic neuritis treatment lacks standardized protocols. The value of oral prednisone taper (OPT) following intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) on visual outcome parameters in optic neuritis (ON) has never been explored. In the present retrospective study, we investigated whether OPT after IVMP affects the structural and functional visual outcomes of inaugural clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)- or multiple sclerosis (MS)-ON.

Original Research: What Health Care Staff Who Experienced Assisted Patient Falls Can Teach Us: Implications for Fall and Fall Injury Risk.

Purpose: This quality improvement project had three aims: to identify common assisted falls scenarios, describe staff members' experiences with and risk perceptions of such falls, and explore factors that influenced their perceptions. The overarching goal was to gain useful insight for the development of assisted fall-related strategies and policies.

Methods: In the fall of 2020, 16 staff members from 13 health care facilities were purposively recruited and interviewed.

Bone mineral density of the ultra-distal radius: are we ignoring valuable information?

Unlabelled: The current study explored the possible utilization in dual-X-ray-absorptiometry scanning (DXA) of the ultra-distal radius (UDR). This region of interest is currently unused and mostly unstudied in this context. The study findings suggest UDR as potential useful region of interest in DXA scanning and warrant further study of the site.

Staff Low Back Injury Risk During Assisted Falls Virtual Reality Simulations.

Background: Assisted falls occur when staff try to minimize the impact of falls by slowing a patient's descent. Assisting a patient fall may decrease patient injury risk, but biomechanical risk of injury to staff has not been evaluated. Assisted falls virtual reality (VR) simulations were conducted to examine staff low back injury risk during common assisted falls scenarios.

Who is the biological patient? A new gradational and dynamic model for one health medicine.

One Health medicine aims to improve health by focusing on the relations between the health of humans, animals, and the environment. However, One Health does not provide a clear idea of these relations, which are still represented as conceptually separated and not as one health, as the name implies. Inspired by holobiont research, I suggest a new model and conceptual framework for One Health that expands the notion of the biological patient by providing a gradational and dynamic understanding of environments, patients, and their relations.

Evaluation of a new assistive technology: the StandBar.

Purpose: Evaluate the potential of a wheelchair assistive technology (StandBar) to promote power wheelchair users' ability to safely stand independently from their power wheelchair and determine the impact of the device use on psychological well-being for both power wheelchair users and their caregivers.

Materials And Methods: A convenience sample of 11 power wheelchair users and caregiver dyads provided study data. Participants included power wheelchair users who were existing StandBar users or currently in training with the StandBar as part of their rehabilitation.

Six drugs facing key patent expirations and potential generic entry from May to June 2022.

A challenge in anticipating generic entry is elucidating which patents and regulatory protections constrain generic entry. Presented here is a set of estimated loss of exclusivity dates for six drugs, from May through June 2022. These estimated drug patent expiration dates and generic entry opportunity dates are calculated from analysis of known patents and US regulatory protections covering drugs [1].

A unifying physically meaningful relativistic action.

The motion of an object under the influence of force fields and/or media is described by means of a world-line with least action in its influenced spacetime. For any spacetime point x and a four-vector u, measured in the frame of an inertial observer, a unifying and physically meaningful action function L(x, u) generating the action is defined. To ensure independence of the observer and of the parametrization on the world-line, L(x, u) must be Lorentz invariant and positive homogeneous of order 1 in u.

Early safety and tolerability profile of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in myasthenia gravis.

Although the COVID-19 vaccines are currently recommended for people with myasthenia gravis (MG), there is no data regarding the safety of the vaccines in this population. In order to investigate the real-life safety data of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in people with MG, an anonymous survey was distributed to 142 MG patients. Fifty-six MG patients completed the questionnaire.

Evaluation of Protective Properties of Commercially Available Medical Helmets: Are Medical Helmets Protective?

Objectives: The aims of the study were to evaluate and to compare protective properties of commercially available medical helmets for a set of standardized head injury risk measures.

Methods: Eleven helmet types were evaluated to represent the variety of commercially available medical helmet designs and manufacturers. A test mannequin and sensor apparatus were used to simulate a backward-standing fall.

Indwelling Pleural Catheter (IPC) for the Management of Hepatic Hydrothorax: The Known and the Unknown.

Background: Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is described as pleural effusion secondary to liver cirrhosis after ruling out other etiologies. We aim to assess the efficacy of an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) placement in refractory HH in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A comprehensive search of literature was performed from inception to December 2020.

Partitioning variability in animal behavioral videos using semi-supervised variational autoencoders.

Recent neuroscience studies demonstrate that a deeper understanding of brain function requires a deeper understanding of behavior. Detailed behavioral measurements are now often collected using video cameras, resulting in an increased need for computer vision algorithms that extract useful information from video data. Here we introduce a new video analysis tool that combines the output of supervised pose estimation algorithms (e.

Safety of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in multiple sclerosis (MS): Early experience from a tertiary MS center in Israel.

Background And Purpose: Although the COVID-19 vaccines are currently recommended for people with multiple sclerosis (MS), the fact that they were not specifically tested in people with MS raises uncertainty regarding their safety in this population. The purpose of this study was to report real-life safety data of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in a cohort of MS patients.

Methods: An anonymous survey was distributed to 425 MS patients.

Human Kidney Spheroids and Monolayers Provide Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Renal Interactions.

Background: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes significan t morbidity, mainly from pulmonary involvement, extrapulmonary symptoms are also major componen ts of the disease. Kidney disease, usually presenting as AKI, is particularly severe among patients with COVID-19. It is unknown, however, whether such injury results from direct kidney infection with COVID-19's causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or from indirect mechanisms.

On recovery: re-directing the concept by differentiation of its meanings.

Recovery is a commonly used concept in both professional and everyday contexts. Yet despite its extensive use, it has not drawn much philosophical attention. In this paper, I question the common understanding of recovery, show how the concept is inadequate, and introduce new and much needed terminology.

Mitochondrial matrix-localized p53 participates in degradation of mitochondrial RNAs.

Mitochondrial RNA degradation plays an important role in maintenance of the mitochondria genetic integrity. Mitochondrial localization of p53 was observed in non-stressed and stressed cells. p53, as an RNA-binding protein, exerts 3'→5' exoribonuclease activity.

Two drugs facing key patent expirations and potential generic entry from July to August 2020.

A challenge in anticipating generic entry is elucidating which patents and regulatory protections constrain generic entry.