Advancing personalized healthcare: leveraging explainable AI for BPPV risk assessment.

Background: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder significantly impacting older adults, characterized by brief episodes of vertigo triggered by head movements. Accurate and timely diagnosis of BPPV can be challenging due to its overlapping symptoms with other conditions. Machine learning (ML) offers a promising approach to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Health and Reflux Management: Insights from a Tertiary Medical Center.

Objectives: To assess the correlation of social determinants of health (SDOH) with the general care patterns related to gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux. Determine correlation of SDOH on utilization rates for medication, reflux testing and surgical intervention for patients diagnosed with reflux. Describe overall care patterns for gastroesophageal reflux disease care at a tertiary academic facility.

Wound Healing Complications Associated with Staged Reconstruction after Facial Lentigo Maligna Resection.

The rates and risk factors for wound complications following staged reconstruction after facial lentigo maligna (LM) resection have not been well described. (1) To identify the rate and types of wound complications, including infection, graft necrosis, distal flap necrosis, hematoma, superficial epidermolysis, and seroma among patients undergoing staged reconstruction after resection of LM as documented in the surgeon's clinical notes within 30 days of the procedure. (2) To determine a threshold defect size that may predict the development of wound complications.

Amplitude Parameters Are Predictive of Hearing Preservation in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implant Surgery.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the association between hearing preservation after cochlear implantation (CI) and intracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) amplitude parameters.

Study Design: Multi-institutional, prospective randomized clinical trial.

Setting: Ten high-volume, tertiary care CI centers.

The Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on Rates of Tympanostomy Tube Placement for Pediatric Otitis Media.

Objective: To identify the impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) on the rate of tympanostomy tube placement.

Study Design: Retrospective medical review and population-level analyses.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Disparities in polysomnography referral in a high-risk cardiac population.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular comorbidities. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of OSA might mitigate these comorbidities. This retrospective review sought to assess the impact of sex, age, race, ethnicity, and insurance status on polysomnography (PSG) referral rates.

Formation of left-handed helices by C2'-fluorinated nucleic acids under physiological salt conditions.

Recent findings in cell biology have rekindled interest in Z-DNA, the left-handed helical form of DNA. We report here that two minimally modified nucleosides, 2'F-araC and 2'F-riboG, induce the formation of the Z-form under low ionic strength. We show that oligomers entirely made of these two nucleosides exclusively produce left-handed duplexes that bind to the Zα domain of ADAR1.

Failure in HiRes Ultra Series Recall Devices Does Not Necessarily Lead to Decrement in Performance.

Objective: To understand the impact on speech perception for patients experiencing Advanced Bionics V1 series Ultra and Ultra 3D cochlear implant failure.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary academic center.

Prospective cohort study of long-term neurological outcomes in retired elite athletes: the Advanced BiomaRker, Advanced Imaging and Neurocognitive (BRAIN) Health Study protocol.

Introduction: Although limited, recent research suggests that contact sport participation might have an adverse long-term effect on brain health. Further work is required to determine whether this includes an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease and/or subsequent changes in cognition and behaviour. The Advanced BiomaRker, Advanced Imaging and Neurocognitive Health Study will prospectively examine the neurological, psychiatric, psychological and general health of retired elite-level rugby union and association football/soccer players.

Establishment of novel immortalized middle ear cell lines as models for otitis media.

Objective: Otitis media (OM) is among the most frequently diagnosed pediatric diseases in the US. Despite the significant public health burden of OM and the contribution research in culture models has made to understanding its pathobiology, a singular immortalized human middle ear epithelial (MEE) cell line exists (HMEEC-1, adult-derived). We previously developed MEE cultures from pediatric patients with non-inflamed MEE (PCI), recurrent OM (ROM), or OM with effusion (OME) and demonstrated differences in their baseline inflammatory cytokine expression and response to stimulation with an OM-relevant pathogen lysate and cytokines.

Factors associated with delayed referral and hearing rehabilitation for congenital sensorineural hearing loss.

Objectives: To identify the impact of social determinants of health and clinical status on referral and intervention for congenital sensorineural hearing loss.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review of children with confirmed sensorineural or mixed hearing loss between 2013 and 2021 at a single academic medical institution.

Methods: Referral rates and timing for hearing rehabilitation, rates and timing of completed evaluation, and rate and timing of amplification were recorded.

Evaluation of Social Determinants of Health on Dysphagia Care Pathways at a Tertiary Care Facility.

Objectives: Limited research exists evaluating the impact of social determinants of health in influencing care pathways for patients with dysphagia. A better understanding of whether these determinants correlate to altered care and resource utilization is essential as it relates to patient outcomes.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Computerised cognitive assessment in patients with traumatic brain injury: an observational study of feasibility and sensitivity relative to established clinical scales.

Background: Online technology could potentially revolutionise how patients are cognitively assessed and monitored. However, it remains unclear whether assessments conducted remotely can match established pen-and-paper neuropsychological tests in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

Methods: This observational study aimed to optimise an online cognitive assessment for use in traumatic brain injury (TBI) clinics.

ADVANCE-TBI study protocol: traumatic brain injury outcomes in UK military personnel serving in Afghanistan between 2003 and 2014 - a longitudinal cohort study.

Introduction: Outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are highly variable, with cognitive and psychiatric problems often present in survivors, including an increased dementia risk in the long term. Military personnel are at an increased occupational risk of TBI, with high rates of complex polytrauma including TBI characterising the UK campaign in Afghanistan. The ArmeD SerVices TrAuma and RehabilitatioN OutComE (ADVANCE)-TBI substudy will describe the patterns, associations and long-term outcomes of TBI in the established ADVANCE cohort.

Impacts of Socioeconomic Status on Dentoalveolar Trauma.

Introduction: Children sustain dentoalveolar trauma and lose teeth at the same rate regardless of socioeconomic status; however, debate surrounds these rates in adults. It is known socioeconomic status plays a major role in access and treatment in health care. This study aims to clarify the role of socioeconomic status as a risk factor for dentoalveolar trauma in adults.

A single-arm, multicenter, phase II trial of osimertinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 18 G719X, exon 20 S768I, or exon 21 L861Q mutations.

Background: For patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R mutations, osimertinib is the standard of care. Investigating the activity and safety of osimertinib in patients with EGFR exon 18 G719X, exon 20 S768I, or exon 21 L861Q mutations is of clinical interest.

Patients And Methods: Patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer with confirmed EGFR exon 18 G719X, exon 20 S768I, or exon 21 L861Q mutations were eligible.

Demographic differences in the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

Objective: To determine the impact of patient demographics and social determinants of health on treatment pathways for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) at a tertiary laryngology clinic.

Study Design: Retrospective medical record review.

Methods: Patient demographics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, and insurance status) were extracted for adults diagnosed with UVFP between 2009 and 2019.

The Demographics of Menière's Disease: Selection Bias or Differential Susceptibility?

Objective: To clarify whether the reported lack of racial and ethnic diversity among Menière's disease (MD) patients is representative of selection bias or disease susceptibility.

Study Design: Retrospective medical record review and population-level analyses.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Standardization of Outcome Measures for Intratympanic Steroid Treatment for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Objective: To identify variability in reported hearing outcomes for intratympanic (IT) steroid treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) by comparing outcomes using the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) guideline with other published criteria.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary otology practice.

Medial orbital wall decompression: Demographics influencing surgical follow-up and complications: Impacts on follow-up and complications.

Objective: Identify the impact of demographics and social determinants of health on surgical follow-up and complications after medial orbital wall decompression (MOWD) secondary to thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO).

Methods: Demographics and social determinants of health (age, sex, race, insurance status) for 46 patients undergoing MOWD secondary to TAO were correlated with post-operative compliance and surgical complications by chi-square analyses.

Results: Among 46 patients, 23 were compliant with follow-up.

Impact of Demographics and Clinical Features on Initial Treatment Pathway for Vestibular Schwannoma.

Objective: To identify demographic and clinical features impacting initial treatment pathway for vestibular schwannoma.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care academic medical center.