Functionalizing Thiosemicarbazones for Covalent Conjugation.

Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) with their modular character (thiosemicarbazides + carbonyl compound) allow broad variation of up to four substituents on the main RRC=N(1)-NH-C(S)-N(4)RR core and are thus interesting tools for the formation of conjugates or the functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs). In this work, di-2-pyridyl ketone was introduced for the coordination of metals and 9-anthraldehyde for luminescence as R and R to TSCs. R and R substituents were varied for the formation of conjugates.

Assessing the Character of the CF Ligand from the Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties of [Ni(CF)(NN)] Complexes.

Organonickel complexes containing α-diimine ligands [Ni(CF)(NN)] (NN = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen), 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmphen), dipyrido[3,2-:2',3'-]phenazine (dppz), 1,4-bis(isopropyl)-1,4-diazabutadiene (Pr-DAB), and 1,4-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,4-diazabutadiene (Xyl-DAB) were prepared and studied structurally, spectroscopically, and electrochemically. Their molecular structures from single-crystal X-ray diffraction show near-perfect square planar Ni(II) coordination except in the case of dmphen. Primary reversible electrochemical reductions in the range from -1 to -2 V vs ferrocene/ferrocenium couple lead to mainly diimine-localized radical anion complexes, while secondary reductions in the range from -2 to -2.

Mast cell-derived interleukin-4 mediates activation of dendritic cell during toll-like receptor 2-mediated inflammation.

Introduction: During an innate inflammation, immune cells form distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory regions around pathogen-containing core-regions. Mast cells are localized in an anti-inflammatory microenvironment during the resolution of an innate inflammation, suggesting antiinflammatory roles of these cells.

Methods: High-content imaging was used to investigated mast cell-dependent changes in the regional distribution of immune cells during an inflammation, induced by the toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 agonist zymosan.

Second opinions: Do otolaryngologist demographics matter?

Objective: Pediatric patients and their caregivers may receive information from their primary care physician (PCP) that does not match current American Academy of Otolaryngology (AAO) guidelines. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of parents deciding to seek a second opinion based on the demographics of pediatric otolaryngologists who deliver guideline supported advice, contrary to advice from their child's PCP.

Methods: A survey was distributed to parents in a pediatric otolaryngology clinic between June 2021 and July 2023.

Establishment-level safety analytics: a scoping review.

The use of data analytics has seen widespread application in fields such as medicine and supply chain management, but their application in occupational safety has only recently become more common. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize studies that employed analytics within establishments to reveal insights about work-related injuries or fatalities. Over 300 articles were reviewed to survey the objectives, scope and methods used in this emerging field.

Cyanido-bridged diplatinum(ii) complexes: ligand and solvent effect on aggregation and luminescence.

The association of platinum(ii)-based luminophores, which is caused by metal⋯metal and π-π stacking interactions, has been actively exploited in supramolecular construction of photofunctional molecular materials. Herein, we describe a series of bimetallic complexes [{Pt(C^N^*N)}(CN)][BAr], containing cyanido-bridged cyclometalated Pt(ii) chromophore fragments (HC^N^N = 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine, (benzyltriazolyl)-phenylpyridine, and pyrazolyl-phenylpyridine; HC^N*N = -pentyl-6-phenyl--(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine; ^/* denote five/six-membered metallocycles). These compounds are intensely phosphorescent at room temperature showing quantum yields up to 0.

Factors Affecting Medical Residents' Decisions to Work After Call.

Background: Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) work-hour restrictions (WHRs) are intended to improve patient safety by reducing resident fatigue. Compliance with ACGME WHRs is not universal.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence residents' decisions to take a postcall day (PCD) off according to ACGME WHRs.

Meloxicam treatment disrupts the regional structure of innate inflammation sites by targeting the pro-inflammatory effects of prostanoids.

Background And Purpose: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely prescribed drugs in the world due to their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, NSAIDs inhibit prostanoid synthesis, interfering with their pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions and potentially prolonging acute inflammation.

Experimental Approach: We used high-content immunohistochemistry to define the impact of meloxicam treatment on spatially separated pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes during innate inflammation in mice induced by zymosan.

Further Progress Toward Automating Functional Analysis Interpretation.

It is considered best practice to conduct a functional analysis and visually inspect data collected to determine the function of problem behavior, which then informs the intervention approaches applied. Visual inspection has been described as a "subjective" process that may be affected by factors unrelated to the data. Structured decision-making guidelines have been established to address some of these shortcomings.

A hierarchical cluster analysis of young drivers based on their perceived risk and frequency of texting while driving.

Introduction: The present study attempted to provide a proof-of-concept of usefulness of cluster analysis for identifying distinct and practically meaningful subgroups of drivers who differed in their perceived risk and frequency of texting while driving (TWD).

Method: Using a hierarchical cluster analysis, which involves sequential steps in which individual cases are merged together one at a time based on their similarities, the study first attempted to identify distinct subgroups of drivers who differed in their perceived risk and frequency of TWD. To further evaluate the meaningfulness of the subgroups identified, the subgroups were compared in terms of levels of trait impulsivity and impulsive decision making for each gender.

Establishment-level occupational safety analytics: Challenges and opportunities.

In occupational safety and health, big data and analytics show promise for the prediction and prevention of workplace injuries. Advances in computing power and analytical methods have allowed companies to reveal insights from the "big" data that previously would have gone undetected. Despite the promise, occupational safety has lagged behind other industries, such as supply chain management and healthcare, in terms of exploiting the potential of analytics and much of the data collected by organizations goes unanalyzed.

Social interaction can function as a reinforcer for dogs: Effects of stimulus duration and session parameters.

Prior research has produced mixed results on whether human social interaction can function as a reinforcer for dog behavior. However, that research used either short durations of social interaction or rapid, repeated trials such that satiation could have been a factor. We investigated whether two durations of social interaction (30 s or 4 s petting plus vocal praise) would maintain more responding than extinction, than each other, or than food.

Eosinophil-derived IL-4 is necessary to establish the inflammatory structure in innate inflammation.

Pathogen-induced inflammation comprises pro- and anti-inflammatory processes, which ensure pathogen removal and containment of the proinflammatory activities. Here, we aimed to identify the development of inflammatory microenvironments and their maintenance throughout the course of a toll-like receptor 2-mediated paw inflammation. Within 24 h after pathogen-injection, the immune cells were organized in three zones, which comprised a pathogen-containing "core-region", a bordering proinflammatory (PI)-region and an outer anti-inflammatory (AI)-region.

Triplet Emitting C^N^C Cyclometalated Dibenzo[c,h]Acridine Pt(II) Complexes.

In a series of Pt(II) complexes [Pt(dba)(L)] containing the very rigid, dianionic, bis-cyclometalating, tridentate C^N^C2− heterocyclic ligand dba2− (H2dba = dibenzo[c,h]acridine), the coligand (ancillary ligand) L = dmso, PPh3, CNtBu and Me2Imd (N,N’-dimethylimidazolydene) was varied in order to improve its luminescence properties. Beginning with the previously reported dmso complex, we synthesized the PPh3, CNtBu and Me2Imd derivatives and characterized them by elemental analysis, 1H (and 31P) NMR spectroscopy and MS. Cyclic voltammetry showed partially reversible reduction waves ranging between −1.

Perceptions of Fatigue and Safety Climate Pertaining to Residency Duty-Hour Restrictions.

Introduction: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), which sets the standards for residency training, instituted work-hour restrictions in 2003. Our purpose was to assess residents' perceptions of fatigue and local safety climate specific to these duty-hour restrictions.

Methods:  All residents (N=433) at one university were emailed a link to a survey in 2019.

Isoelectronic Pt(II) complexes of cyclometalating C^N^N ligands with phenyl/(benzo)thiophenyl and pyridyl/(benzo)thiazolyl moieties.

A series of cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes [Pt(C^N^N)X] (X = Cl, CCPh, CCCF) was synthesised from the protoligands HC^N^N containing either phenyl (ph), naphthyl (na) or (benzo)thiophenyl (b(th)) functions and either pyridyl (py) or (benzo)thiazolyl ((b)tz) units, alongside the central 4-phenyl-pyridyl (ppy) or Bu-phenyl-pyridyl (tbppy) group. Depending on the combination of the or building blocks, these square planar complexes reveal very different electrochemical, UV-vis absorption and emission behaviour. The reversible reductions shift anodically along the series th/py < ph/tz ≈ th/tz < ph/btz while the irreversible oxidations shift cathodically along the series Cl ≈ CCCF < CCPh.

An introduction to "discrete choice experiments" for behavior analysts.

In this paper, we introduce discrete choice experiments (DCEs) and provide foundational knowledge on the topic. DCEs are one of the most popular methods within econometrics to study the distribution of choices within a population. DCEs are particularly useful when studying the effects of categorical variables on choice.

Monte Carlo Analyses for Single-Case Experimental Designs: An Untapped Resource for Applied Behavioral Researchers and Practitioners.

Group-based experimental designs are an outgrowth of the logic of null-hypothesis significance testing and thus, statistical tests are often considered inappropriate for single-case experimental designs. Behavior analysts have recently been more supportive of efforts to include appropriate statistical analysis techniques to evaluate single-case experimental design data. One way that behavior analysts can incorporate statistical analyses into their practices with single-case experimental designs is to use Monte Carlo analyses.

The effect of preoperative stoma site marking on risk of stoma-related complications in patients with intestinal ostomy - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative stoma site marking on stoma-related complications in patients with intestinal ostomy.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINHAL, and Google Scholar were searched up to August 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomised studies of interventions (NRSI) that involved patients with intestinal ostomies comparing preoperative stoma site marking to no marking and which reported at least one patient-relevant outcome. Outcomes were prioritised by stakeholder involvement.

Perceptions of Safety Climate and Fatigue Related to ACGME Residency Duty Hour Restrictions in Otolaryngology Residents.

Objective: To compare otolaryngology residents' perceptions of safety climate with respect to duty hour compliance and self-perceived fatigue.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Forty-one otolaryngology residencies distributed across the United States.

Two discrete choice experiments on laboratory safety decisions and practices.

Introduction: The path toward enhancing laboratory safety requires a thorough understanding of the factors that influence the safety-related decision making of laboratory personnel.

Method: We developed and administered a web-based survey to assess safety-related decision making of laboratory personnel of a government research organization. The survey included two brief discrete choice experiments (DCEs) that allowed for quantitative analysis of specific factors that potentially influence safety-related decisions and practices associated with two different hypothetical laboratory safety scenarios.

Texting while driving: A discrete choice experiment.

Texting while driving is one of the most dangerous types of distracted driving and contributes to a large number of transportation incidents and fatalities each year. Drivers text while driving despite being aware of the risks. Although some factors related to the decision to text while driving have been elucidated, more remains to be investigated in order to better predict and prevent texting while driving.

An investigation of resurgence of reinforced behavioral variability in humans.

The present study examined resurgence of reinforced variability in college students, who completed a 3-phase computer-based variability task. In the first phase, baseline, points were delivered for drawing rectangles that sufficiently differed from previous rectangles in terms of a target dimension (size or location, counterbalanced) but were sufficiently similar in terms of the alternative dimension. In the second phase, alternative, points were only delivered for rectangles that were sufficiently different in terms of the alternative dimension, but repetitive in terms of the target dimension.

Toward an Automation of Functional Analysis Interpretation: A Proof of Concept.

The advent of functional analysis (FA) methodology paved the way for improved function-based behavioral interventions and ultimately client outcomes. Behavior analysts primarily rely on visual inspection to interpret FA results. However, the literature suggests interpretations may vary across raters resulting in poor interobserver agreement (IOA).