Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify dose constraints for the parotid ducts that limit patient-reported xerostomia and estimate whether these constraints are achieved during conventional parotid gland sparing radiation therapy (PGS-RT).
Methods And Materials: Thirty-eight oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients were treated prospectively on trial with MRI sialography-guided parotid duct sparing radiation therapy (PDS-RT). PDS-RT explicitly minimizes dose to the parotid ducts in addition to PGS-RT.
The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of a time-resolved reflectance imaging system employing a single photodetector to assess the activity of caries lesions that exploits the differential absorption of water at 1300 and 1950 nm. The time-resolved reflectivity of 10 active and 10 arrested lesions on the proximal surfaces and 5 active and 5 arrested lesions on the occlusal surfaces of extracted teeth were monitored simultaneously at 1300 and 1950 nm during forced air drying for 60 s. The presence of a highly mineralized surface zone measured with microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to indicate lesion activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Enamel is highly transparent at short wavelength infrared imaging (SWIR) wavelengths allowing the detection of dental decay without the need for ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to use SWIR imaging methods including cross polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT), occlusal transillumination (SWIR-OT), proximal transillumination (SWIR-PT), and occlusal reflectance (SWIR-R) to image interproximal lesions in vivo and compare the sensitivity with radiography.
Methods: Participants (n = 30) aged 18-80 each with a radiopositive interproximal lesion scheduled for restoration were enrolled in the study.
The editorial introduces the JBO Special Section on Short Wave Infrared Techniques and Applications in Biomedical Optics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this clinical study was to compare the diagnostic performance of dual short wavelength infrared (SWIR) occlusal transillumination and reflectance multispectral imaging with conventional visual assessment and radiography for caries detection on premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontics reasons. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) and micro-computed tomography (microCT) performed after tooth extraction were used as gold standards. The custom-fabricated imaging probe was 3D-printed and the imaging system employed a SWIR camera and fiber-optic light sources emitting light at 1300 nm for occlusal transillumination and 1600 nm for reflectance measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study tested a novel in vitro dental erosion-abrasion model and the performance of cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) in longitudinally monitoring the simulated lesions. Thirty human enamel specimens were prepared and randomized to receive three dental erosion-abrasion (EA) protocols: severe (s-EA, lemon juice/pH:2.5/4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study proposed using enamel surface texture and thickness for the objective detection and monitoring of erosive tooth wear (ETW), comparing them to the standard subjective Basic Erosive Wear Evaluation (BEWE). Thirty-two subjects ( = 597 teeth) were enrolled in this longitudinal observational clinical study. Enamel thickness (by cross-polarization optical coherence tomography, CP-OCT) and 3D dental microwear parameters, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this study was to develop a clinical SWIR reflectance handpiece to assess the activity of lesions on the occlusal surfaces. The time-resolved reflectivity of 10 active and 10 arrested occlusal caries lesions on extracted teeth was monitored at 1470 nm using a benchtop system and a modified clinical prototype during forced air drying. The presence of a highly mineralized surface layer measured with microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to indicate lesion activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to use cross polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) and short wavelength infrared imaging (SWIR) reflectance imaging to monitor changes in the structure and activity of early occlusal caries on primary teeth over a period of 6 months during intervention with fluoride.
Methods: Participants (n = 29) aged 6-10 each with two suspected active occlusal lesions on primary teeth completed the study. Fluoride varnish was applied to tooth surfaces every 3-months and participants were instructed to brush twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste.
One of the bottlenecks to building semiconductor chips is the increasing cost required to develop chemical plasma processes that form the transistors and memory storage cells. These processes are still developed manually using highly trained engineers searching for a combination of tool parameters that produces an acceptable result on the silicon wafer. The challenge for computer algorithms is the availability of limited experimental data owing to the high cost of acquisition, making it difficult to form a predictive model with accuracy to the atomic scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe active surveillance of root caries lesions to monitor potential remineralization or decay progression is challenging for the clinician, due to unreliable diagnostic information. The conventional visual and tactile methods for assessing the lesion activity are not reliable, and the clinician is often unable to determine if the lesion is progressing or has been arrested. An important marker of an arrested lesion is a highly mineralized transparent surface zone (TSL) that forms when the mineral is deposited in the outer layer of the lesion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: Leakage in the interfaces between restorative materials and tooth structure allows for fluid and bacterial acid infiltration, causing restoration failure due to secondary caries. Dentists spend more time replacing composite restorations than placing new ones. Previous and studies on enamel and root surfaces using shortwave-infrared (SWIR) and thermal imaging during dehydration with forced air have been promising for assessing lesion activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScience
December 2022
Despite much progress in training artificial intelligence (AI) systems to imitate human language, building agents that use language to communicate intentionally with humans in interactive environments remains a major challenge. We introduce Cicero, the first AI agent to achieve human-level performance in , a strategy game involving both cooperation and competition that emphasizes natural language negotiation and tactical coordination between seven players. Cicero integrates a language model with planning and reinforcement learning algorithms by inferring players' beliefs and intentions from its conversations and generating dialogue in pursuit of its plans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntestinal epithelial barrier function is compromised in inflammatory bowel disease and barrier dysfunction contributes to disease progression. Extracellular nucleotides/nucleosides generated in gut inflammation may regulate barrier function through actions on diverse cell types. Enteric glia modulate extracellular purinergic signaling and exert pathophysiological effects on mucosal permeability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To determine the relationship between mean oral cavity (OC) dose (treated as a singular organ at risk) to patient reported xerostomia and dysgeusia. In addition, we will examine the relationship between oral cavity substructure doses to patient reported xerostomia and dysgeusia. All patients were treated in the setting of deintensification (60 Gy).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To assess the impact of prospectively sparing the parotid ducts via MRI sialography on patient reported xerostomia for those receiving definitive radiotherapy (RT) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods And Materials: Thirty-eight patients with oropharynx cancer to be treated with definitive RT underwent pre-treatment MRI sialograms to localize their parotid ducts. The parotid ducts were maximally spared during treatment planning.
Purpose: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and the utilization of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) among prostate cancer patients are understudied. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between ED, prostate cancer treatment type and IPP implantation in a national cohort.
Materials And Methods: We identified a retrospective cohort of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare patients diagnosed with locoregional prostate cancer between 2006 and 2011 and treated with surgery or radiation.
Secondary caries occurs when leakage in the interfaces between restorative materials and tooth structure allow fluid and bacterial acid infiltration. Thermal imaging coupled with dehydration can be used to measure this increase in fluid permeability for secondary lesions in teeth. Thermal imaging exploits the temperature change due to water evaporation during dehydration to measure the rate of water diffusion from porous lesion areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng
March 2022
It has been well established that CO laser irradiation can be used to transform the mineral phase of dental enamel to make it more resistant to acid dissolution. The purpose of this study was to investigate if carbon dioxide laser irradiation and topical fluoride can be used to treat incipient caries lesions to inhibit further progression, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng
March 2022
Previous studies have shown that optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to show the formation of a transparent surface zone on caries lesions indicative of remineralization. Studies have also shown that monitoring changes in the diffuse reflectivity of caries lesions during drying with air can be used to assess lesion activity and that the largest changes occur at SWIR wavelengths coincident with high water absorption at 1450 and 1950 nm. The purpose of this study was to determine when remineralization has occurred by monitoring changes in SWIR reflectance measurements and OCT images of simulated lesions over an extended time period during exposure to a remineralization solution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng
March 2022
We have developed a clinical probe capable of acquiring simultaneous, multispectral short wavelength infrared (SWIR) reflectance and occlusal transillumination images of lesions on tooth proximal and occlusal surfaces to reduce the potential of false positives and enhance diagnosis. The dual probe was 3D printed and the imaging system uses an InGaAs camera and broadband light sources at 1310 nm for occlusal transillumination and 1600 nm for cross-polarization reflectance measurements. In this study a mathematical model to estimate the penetration depth of "hidden" occlusal lesions from the SWIR images was developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDental fluorosis is an increasing problem in the U.S. due to excessive exposure to fluoride from the environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of dual short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) transillumination and reflectance multispectral imaging devices for imaging interproximal lesions with radiography using extracted teeth that had been imaged with micro-computed tomography (microCT). Thirty-six extracted teeth with 67 lesions on the proximal surfaces were imaged using a newly fabricated SWIR multispectral proximal transillumination and reflectance imaging device along with an existing SWIR multispectral occlusal transillumination and reflectance device. The ability of SWIR imaging and radiography to detect lesions and accurately assess lesion dimensions were compared using microCT as a standard.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMental health data from the 2016-2017 Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE-HEROeS) were analyzed by cohort, represented by United States Vietnam theater veterans (VTs) who served in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos; nontheater veterans (NTs) without theater service; and age- and sex-matched nonveterans (NVs) without military service. The exposure of interest was Vietnam theater service. Surveys mailed to random samples of veterans (n = 42,393) and nonveterans (n = 6,885) resulted in response rates of 45.
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