From Sorcery to Laboratory: Pandemics and Yanyuwa Experiences of Viral Vulnerability.

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted renewed attention among health professionals, Aboriginal community leaders, and social scientists to the need for culturally responsive preventative health measures and strategies. This article, a collaborative effort, involving Yanyuwa families from the remote community of Borroloola and two anthropologists with whom Yanyuwa have long associations, tracks the story of pandemics from the perspective of Aboriginal people in the Gulf region of northern Australia. It specifically orients the discussion of the current predicament of 'viral vulnerability' in the wake of COVID-19, relative to other pandemics, including the Hong Kong flu in 1969 and the Spanish flu decades earlier in 1919.

The clomethiazole acute stroke study in ischemic, hemorrhagic, and t-PA treated stroke: Design of a phase III trial in the united states and canada.

Clomethiazole is a drug with sedative properties effective in laboratory studies of brain ischemia. A large European multicenter trial of clomethiazole in acute stroke patients showed no benefit overall, but subgroup analysis indicated that patients with large infarctions may have benefited from treatment. To confirm this preliminary finding, we have designed CLASS-IHT, the Clomethiazole for Acute Stroke Study in Ischemic, Hemorrhagic and TPA Treated Patients, to be conducted in North America.

Transient ischemic attack and risk of stroke recurrence: The Lehigh Valley Recurrent Stroke Study.

We investigated the effect of transient ischemic attack occurring both before and after an initial stroke on risk of recurrent stroke in a population-based study. In the Lehigh Valley Recurrent Stroke Study, patients were enrolled between July 1987 and August 1989 and followed up regularly at about 6-month intervals for up to 4 years (mean, 2 years). In addition to history of transient ischemic attack before and after the initial stroke, information on comorbidities including hypertension, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmia, and diabetes mellitus was collected at the baseline visit and at follow-up visits.

High prevalence of stroke symptoms among persons without a diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack in a general population: the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Background: A substantial portion of the general population has clinically silent stroke on brain imaging. These lesions may cause symptoms. This study assessed the prevalence of stroke symptoms in a stroke- and transient ischemic attack (TIA)-free population and the association of symptoms with risk factors indexed by the Framingham Stroke Risk Score.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities following off-pump cardiac surgery.

Background: Neurological and cognitive deficits are known complications after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and are believed to be secondary to brain ischemia. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) of the brain is especially sensitive and can depict ischemic areas that may not be evident clinically or with conventional MRI. Abnormalities found at brain MRI following CABG performed with cardiopulmonary bypass (ie, on pump) have been reported, but data are limited for CABG performed without use of cardiopulmonary bypass (ie, off pump).

Control of hypertension and risk of stroke recurrence.

Background And Purpose: We investigated whether low blood pressure increases the risk of stroke recurrence.

Methods: A cohort of 662 patients, obtaining care at the 8 acute care hospitals serving the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania, was enrolled within 1 month of an initial stroke and was followed twice annually for up to 4 years. Cox proportional hazard models were developed to examine the relationship between risk of recurrent stroke and blood pressure, controlling for other significant risk factors.

Metoprolol CR/XL in patients with heart failure: A pilot study examining the tolerability, safety, and effect on left ventricular ejection fraction.

Background: This study was designed to investigate the tolerability, safety, and effect on left ventricular function of a new long-acting preparation of metoprolol, metoprolol succinate (CR/XL).

Methods And Results: Sixty patients were randomly assigned with a 2:1 ratio, drug versus placebo, administered with a gradually increasing dose of 12.5 to 150 mg of blinded medication during an 8-week period and continued for 6 months.

Clinical use of nebulized budesonide inhalation suspension in a child with asthma.

Childhood asthma contributes to significant morbidity among patients and significantly impacts the quality of life and daily routines of their caregivers. The parents or caregivers assume responsibility for tasks that children are too young to perform; this often includes daily administration of controller medications and nightly administration of reliever medications. Most young children do not have the coordination or understanding to effectively use pressurized metered-dose inhalers or inhalation-driven devices; thus nebulizer therapy often is preferred for children younger than 4 years of age.

Antihypertensive medication compliance in African-American stroke patients: behavioral epidemiology and interventions.

Hypertension is a major cause of stroke in the African-American community, and lack of control of hypertension appears to be common. Improving compliance to antihypertensive therapy in African-American stroke patients could have a significant impact on recurrent stroke rates. Little is known about factors affecting compliance in this community and which interventions would be effective in improving compliance.

Stroke survival after discharge from an acute-care hospital.

Background And Purpose: Survival after a stroke is likely to be best for patients well enough to be sent home but the relative risk of dying if patients do not qualify for a home discharge has not been well studied. We investigated the survival prognosis after an initial stroke depending on the facility to which the patient was discharged after an acute initial stroke.

Methods: All patients were enrolled between July 1, 1987, and August 1, 1989, and were followed up to 4 years (mean of 24 months) until death, second stroke, or the end of the study.

Disposition after acute stroke: who is not sent home from hospital?

Background: Known demographic and clinical characteristics of stroke survivors that affect selection of the facility to which they are discharged after hospitalization for an acute stroke are, for the most part, not population based and therefore may be unrepresentative. We present an analysis of such characteristics using the Lehigh Valley stroke cohort which is population based.

Method: We enrolled patients within 1 month of onset of their initial acute stroke who were hospitalized between 1987 and 1989 at one of the eight hospitals in the Lehigh Valley, and 662 patients were discharged alive.