Professional Behavior Assessment During Residency Training: Can We Identify Outliers?

Introduction: The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior (KSB) project sets up a framework for competency-based medical education for orthopaedic surgery residency training. The Behavior aspect of KSB includes use of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Behavior Tool (ABOSBT) to assess 5 domains of professional behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of 2 years of ABOSBT assessments and to characterize the low score ratings.

Detecting Careless Responding in Multidimensional Forced-Choice Questionnaires.

The multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) format is an alternative to rating scales in which participants rank items according to how well the items describe them. Currently, little is known about how to detect careless responding in MFC data. The aim of this study was to adapt a number of indices used for rating scales to the MFC format and additionally develop several new indices that are unique to the MFC format.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Has Utility in Clinical Decision-Making for Children and Adolescents With Symptomatic Subfibular Ossicles.

Unlabelled: Treatment of children with chronic ankle pain, lateral instability, and the presence of a subfibular ossicle (SO) can be challenging. When will these patients respond to nonoperative management, and when will they require surgery? The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical decision-making for patients with symptomatic SOs.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of pediatric patients with lateral ankle pain, recurrent sprains, and radiographs showing SOs who had undergone an MRI as part of their diagnostic work-up.

Remote Summer Research Program to Improve Opportunity and Mentorship for Underrepresented Students With Interest in Orthopaedic Surgery: 3-Year Experiences.

Introduction: Medical students are challenged with a limited number of research opportunities to help prepare for an exceptionally competitive process for matching in an orthopaedic residency. The aim of this study was to assess the 3-year experience of our 8 to 10-week remote summer research program in support of underrepresented students with an interest in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods: We received over 500 applications, and a total of 37 students (7.

Defect Engineering in Composition and Valence Band Center of Y(YRu)O Pyrochlore Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) takes place in various types of electrochemical devices that are pivotal for the conversion and storage of renewable energy. This paper describes a strategy in the design of solid-state structures of OER electrocatalysts through controlling the cation substitution on the active metal site and consequently valence band center position of site-mixed Y(YRu)O pyrochlore to achieve high catalytic activity. We found that partially replacing the B-site Ru cation with A-site Y in pyrochlore-structured YRuO modifies the oxidation state of B-site Ru from 4 to 5, as observed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy but does not continuously increase the oxygen vacancy concentration in these oxygen substoichiometric compositions, as quantified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) decomposition studies.

A multi-method approach to drafting candidate entrustable professional activities for a general internal medicine residency programme.

Introduction: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are units of concrete daily clinical tasks that trainee physicians should be able to handle with increasing autonomy during their postgraduate training. EPAs are gaining international recognition as an essential component of competency-based medical training programmes. The process of developing EPAs for a nationwide training programme is complex and requires an in-depth understanding of EPAs as a concept and good knowledge of appropriate development processes.

Time-bin entanglement at telecom wavelengths from a hybrid photonic integrated circuit.

Mass-deployable implementations for quantum communication require compact, reliable, and low-cost hardware solutions for photon generation, control and analysis. We present a fiber-pigtailed hybrid photonic circuit comprising nonlinear waveguides for photon-pair generation and a polymer interposer reaching of pump suppression and photon separation based on a polarizing beam splitter with polarization extinction ratio. The optical stability of the hybrid assembly enhances the quality of the entanglement, and the efficient background suppression and photon routing further reduce accidental coincidences.

Are Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 Responses to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Clinical Scenarios Universal? An International Review.

Objective: There is increasing interest in applying artificial intelligence chatbots like generative pretrained transformer 4 (GPT-4) in the medical field. This study aimed to explore the universality of GPT-4 responses to simulated clinical scenarios of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) across diverse global settings.

Methods: Seventeen international experts with more than 15 years of experience in pediatric orthopaedics were selected for the evaluation panel.

Beta-binomial meta-analysis of individual differences based on sample means and standard deviations: Studying reliability of sum scores of binary items.

Individual differences are studied with a multitude of test instruments. Meta-analysis of tests is useful to understand whether individual differences in certain populations can be detected with the help of a class of tests. A method for the quantitative meta-analytical evaluation of test instruments with dichotomous items is introduced.

Experimental characterization of four ionization chamber types in magnetic fields including intra-type variation.

Background And Purpose: For dosimetry in magnetic resonance (MR) guided radiotherapy, assessing the magnetic field correction factors of air-vented ionization chambers is crucial. Novel MR-optimized chambers reduce MR-imaging artefacts, enhancing their quality assurance utility. This study aimed to characterize two new MR-optimized ionization chambers with sensitive volumes of 0.

Strengthening the Pipeline: Promoting Diversity into Orthopedic Surgery.

The United States is a nation of diverse racial and ethnic origins. Athletes represent the full spectrum of the nation's population. However, the orthopedic surgeons who serve as team physicians are Caucasian and male with staggeringly few exceptions.

An Inclusive Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Orthopedic Surgery Outcomes.

Background: Despite increasing attention, disparities in outcomes for Black and Hispanic patients undergoing orthopedic surgery are widening. In other racial-ethnic minority groups, outcomes often go unreported. We sought to quantify disparities in surgical outcomes among Asian, American Indian or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander patients across multiple orthopedic subspecialties.

Conversations About Congenital Clubfoot: Investigating How Parents Share Information About a Structural Diagnosis With Their Children.

Background and objective Clubfoot is a common congenital musculoskeletal condition that is treated with manipulation and casting in the first few weeks of life, followed by bracing that extends into early childhood. While children typically do not recall treatment with Ponseti casting in infancy, childhood treatment and monitoring may result in a sense of heightened awareness. In light of this, this study explores how parents share information about clubfoot diagnosis and guide their children in understanding the importance of treatment.

Can Caregivers Forecast Their Child's Postoperative Disability After Elective Orthopedic Surgery?

Background While there has been a growing emphasis on evaluating the patient's perspective of health outcomes, caregiver expectations of post-orthopedic procedure disability and pain in a pediatric population are yet to be investigated. This study evaluates whether caregivers' preoperative expectations of pain and function differ from their child's early outcomes after surgical orthopedic intervention. Methodology Patients eight to 18 years old undergoing elective orthopedic surgery were enrolled.

Association of part-time clinical work with well-being and mental health in General Internal Medicine: A survey among Swiss hospitalists.

Introduction: Burnout and low job satisfaction are increasing among the General Internal Medicine (GIM) workforce. Whether part-time compared to full-time clinical employment is associated with better wellbeing, job satisfaction and health among hospitalists remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: We conducted an anonymized cross-sectional survey among board-certified general internists (i.

Parental Concerns Regarding Bracing Compliance for Children With Clubfoot: Seeking Support on Facebook.

Background Clubfoot treatment requires a period of bracing until early childhood to maintain the initial correction achieved by Ponseti casting and serial manipulations. During this period, bracing compliance is the most important factor in preventing the relapse of clubfoot deformity. This period can be challenging for parents, given several factors that affect treatment adherence.

Estimating and Using Block Information in the Thurstonian IRT Model.

Multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) tests are increasing in popularity but their construction is complex. The Thurstonian item response model (Thurstonian IRT model) is most often used to score MFC tests that contain dominance items. Currently, in a frequentist framework, information about the latent traits in the Thurstonian IRT model is computed for binary outcomes of pairwise comparisons, but this approach neglects stochastic dependencies.

AP Radiographic Assessment of the Pediatric Pelvis for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

Mastering the art of roentgenographic analysis of the pediatric AP pelvis is paramount in the evaluation of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Understanding the normal radiographic development and the age-dependent changes in normal values allows assessment for pathologic changes. The goal of improving the analysis of the AP pelvis is to increase early detection of disease, assess progress toward normal values, and precisely follow the effects of treatment to improve clinical outcomes.

Effects of stress beliefs on the emotional and biological response to acute psychosocial stress in healthy men.

Background: Negative beliefs about stress (e.g., "stress is bad") constitute an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality.

Experimental and Monte Carlo-based determination of magnetic field correction factors in high-energy photon fields for two ionization chambers.

Background: The integration of magnetic resonance tomography into clinical linear accelerators provides high-contrast, real-time imaging during treatment and facilitates online-adaptive workflows in radiation therapy treatments. The associated magnetic field also bends the trajectories of charged particles via the Lorentz force, which may alter the dose distribution in a patient or a phantom and affects the dose response of dosimetry detectors.

Purpose: To perform an experimental and Monte Carlo-based determination of correction factors , which correct the response of ion chambers in the presence of external magnetic fields in high-energy photon fields.

Hiding images in noise.

A limitation of free-space optical communications is the ease with which the information can be intercepted. This limitation can be overcome by hiding the information within background optical noise. We demonstrate the transfer of images over free-space using a photon-pair source emitting two correlated beams.

Entrustable professional activities for residency in general internal medicine: a systematic review.

Context: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are observable tasks that are regular parts of a physician's daily clinical work. Before being permitted to accomplish these tasks independently, trainees must gain their supervisors' trust. Defining the list of EPAs that should be mastered by the end of a residency is critical to setting clear expectations about autonomous practice.

A Pilot Program: Remote Summer Program to Improve Opportunity and Mentorship Among Underrepresented Students Pursuing Orthopaedic Surgery.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an 8-week remote summer program in supporting underrepresented students interested in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods: We received 115 applications, and a total of 17 students participated in the program (14.8%).

Virtual Reality Reduces Fear and Anxiety During Pediatric Orthopaedic Cast Room Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Virtual Reality (VR) has been used as a distraction tool in various medical settings to reduce pain and anxiety associated with procedures. This study evaluates the effectiveness of VR as a distraction tool for decreasing fear, anxiety, and pain in pediatric patients undergoing common outpatient orthopaedic procedures.

Methods: A total of 210 patients were recruited from a single orthopaedic clinic between October 2017 and July 2019.