Absolute number of three populations of interneurons and all GABAergic synapses in the human hippocampus.

The human hippocampus, essential for learning and memory, is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, each linked to specific neuronal subpopulations. Advancing our understanding of hippocampal function requires computational models grounded in precise quantitative neuronal data. While extensive data exist on the neuronal composition and synaptic architecture of the rodent hippocampus, analogous quantitative data for the human hippocampus remain very limited.

How an Airport Strike in Copenhagen Led to the Discovery of Septohippocampal Disinhibition.

My most important contribution to research on the hippocampus was the discovery that certain phylogenetically ancient subcortical nuclei that carry information about motivation, emotions and autonomic state exert their profound effects on hippocampal functions by selectively innervating interneurons. Diverse effects on network activity patterns and plasticity can be achieved via activating or inhibiting these functionally distinct interneuron types. In the following, I will present the series of serendipitous events that prompted me to shift my research interest from the visual cortex and the basal ganglia to the hippocampus and its subcortical control.

Community-based reconstruction and simulation of a full-scale model of the rat hippocampus CA1 region.

The CA1 region of the hippocampus is one of the most studied regions of the rodent brain, thought to play an important role in cognitive functions such as memory and spatial navigation. Despite a wealth of experimental data on its structure and function, it has been challenging to integrate information obtained from diverse experimental approaches. To address this challenge, we present a community-based, full-scale in silico model of the rat CA1 that integrates a broad range of experimental data, from synapse to network, including the reconstruction of its principal afferents, the Schaffer collaterals, and a model of the effects that acetylcholine has on the system.

Cellular immune response to the anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in pediatric autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease patients and controls.

This paper aims to compare the cellular immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine of pediatric patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (pAIIRD) and healthy controls. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted between April 2021 and December 2022 at the Tel Aviv Medical Center. Children <18 years, with pediatric-onset AIIRD and healthy controls, who have received at least two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, were included.

Synaptic and dendritic architecture of different types of hippocampal somatostatin interneurons.

GABAergic inhibitory neurons fundamentally shape the activity and plasticity of cortical circuits. A major subset of these neurons contains somatostatin (SOM); these cells play crucial roles in neuroplasticity, learning, and memory in many brain areas including the hippocampus, and are implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Two main types of SOM-containing cells in area CA1 of the hippocampus are oriens-lacunosum-moleculare (OLM) cells and hippocampo-septal (HS) cells.

The medial septum controls hippocampal supra-theta oscillations.

Hippocampal theta oscillations orchestrate faster beta-to-gamma oscillations facilitating the segmentation of neural representations during navigation and episodic memory. Supra-theta rhythms of hippocampal CA1 are coordinated by local interactions as well as inputs from the entorhinal cortex (EC) and CA3 inputs. However, theta-nested gamma-band activity in the medial septum (MS) suggests that the MS may control supra-theta CA1 oscillations.

Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus After 3 Doses of Messenger RNA BNT162b2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Recent studies have shown good serological and cellular immune responses in people living with human immunodeficiency virus PLWH) after receipt of 2 doses of messenger RNAA (mRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine. Data are missing regarding the response after 3 vaccine doses.

Methods: We followed up a group of PLWH who received 3 doses of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine and for whom data of humoral immune response after 2 vaccine doses were available.

Dominant-negative signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 variants in adult patients: A single center experience.

Background: Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) caused by dominant negative (DN) variants in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene () is characterized by recurrent Staphylococcal abscesses, severe eczema, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), and non-immunological facial and skeletal features.

Objectives: To describe our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of adult patients with AD-HIES induced by DN- variants.

Methods: The medical records of adult patients (>18 years) treated at the Allergy and Clinical Immunology Clinic of Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel, were retrospectively analyzed.

Clinically Complex LRBA Deficiency Due to a Founder Allele in the Georgian Jewish Population.

Pathogenic variants in LRBA, encoding the LPS Responsive Beige-Like Anchor (LRBA) protein, are responsible for recessive, early-onset hypogammaglobulinemia, severe multi-organ autoimmunity, and lymphoproliferation, with increased risk for malignancy. LRBA deficiency has a wide clinical spectrum with variable age of onset and disease severity. Three apparently unrelated patients with LRBA deficiency, of Georgian Jewish descent, were homozygous for LRBA c.

Huygens synchronization of medial septal pacemaker neurons generates hippocampal theta oscillation.

Episodic learning and memory retrieval are dependent on hippocampal theta oscillation, thought to rely on the GABAergic network of the medial septum (MS). To test how this network achieves theta synchrony, we recorded MS neurons and hippocampal local field potential simultaneously in anesthetized and awake mice and rats. We show that MS pacemakers synchronize their individual rhythmicity frequencies, akin to coupled pendulum clocks as observed by Huygens.

Immunogenicity induced by two and three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases and immunocompetent controls: a longitudinal multicentre study.

Objectives: To evaluate long-term kinetics of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-induced immune response in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) and immunocompetent controls.

Methods: A prospective multicentre study investigated serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG titre at 2-6 weeks (AIIRD n=720, controls n=122) and 6 months (AIIRD n=628, controls n=116) after the second vaccine, and 2-6 weeks after the third vaccine dose (AIIRD n=169, controls n=45). T-cell immune response to the third vaccine was evaluated in a small sample.

SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses of Patients With HIV After Vaccination With BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in the Tel-Aviv Medical Center.

Background: Little is known about vaccine efficacy and sustainability among people with HIV (PWH). We estimated humoral and cellular immune responses postvaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among PWH in Tel-Aviv Medical Center.

Methods: The vaccine humoral response was evaluated by measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers of antispike receptor-binding domain antibodies (anti-RBD IgG).

Humoral Response to the Third Dose of Sars-Cov-2 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: Most solid organ transplant recipients did not develop an appreciable serologic response after 2 doses of the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Methods: We analyzed the humoral response after a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in 130 kidney transplant recipients, compared to 48 health care workers, and associated factors, including prevaccine cellular immune response, by evaluating intracellular cytokine production after stimulation of donor's peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Results: After 2 doses, most of the controls (47 out of 48, 98%) and only 40% of kidney recipients (52 of 130) kidney recipients were seropositive (P < .

Immunogenicity of a Third Dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in Patients with Impaired B Cell Reconstitution After Cellular Therapy-A Single Center Prospective Cohort Study.

Patients with delayed B-cell reconstitution/B-cell aplasia after cellular therapy show decreased immunogenicity to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. We prospectively evaluated both humoral and cellular immune response to a third vaccine dose in patients after allogeneic HCT (n = 10) or CD19-based chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy (n = 6) with low absolute B cell numbers and who failed to mount a humeral response after 2 vaccine doses. Humoral response was documented in 40% and 17% after allogeneic HCT and CAR-T therapy, respectively.

Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and the associated sequence replay emerge from structured synaptic interactions in a network model of area CA3.

Hippocampal place cells are activated sequentially as an animal explores its environment. These activity sequences are internally recreated ('replayed'), either in the same or reversed order, during bursts of activity (sharp wave-ripples [SWRs]) that occur in sleep and awake rest. SWR-associated replay is thought to be critical for the creation and maintenance of long-term memory.

Activity and Coupling to Hippocampal Oscillations of Median Raphe GABAergic Cells in Awake Mice.

Ascending serotonergic/glutamatergic projection from the median raphe region (MRR) to the hippocampal formation regulates both encoding and consolidation of memory and the oscillations associated with them. The firing of various types of MRR neurons exhibits rhythmic modulation coupled to hippocampal oscillatory activity. A possible intermediary between rhythm-generating forebrain regions and entrained ascending modulation may be the GABAergic circuit in the MRR, known to be targeted by a diverse array of top-down inputs.

Primary care practice-based care management for chronically ill patients (PraCMan) in German healthcare: Outcome of a propensity-score matched cohort study.

Background: Growing prevalence of chronic diseases is a rising challenge for healthcare systems. The Primary Care Practice-Based Care Management (PraCMan) programme is a comprehensive disease management intervention in primary care in Germany aiming to improve medical care and to reduce potentially avoidable hospitalisations for chronically ill patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of PraCMan on hospitalisation rate and related costs.

Safety and Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients after Allogeneic HCT or CD19-based CART therapy-A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study.

Data are scarce regarding both the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients undergoing immune cell therapy; thus, we prospectively evaluated these two domains in patients receiving this vaccine after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT; n = 66) or after CD19-based chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CART) therapy (n = 14). Overall, the vaccine was well tolerated, with mild non-hematologic vaccine-reported adverse events in a minority of the patients. Twelve percent of the patients after the first dose and 10% of the patients after the second dose developed cytopenia, and there were three cases of graft-versus-host disease exacerbation after each dose.

Immunogenicity of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in patients with inborn errors of immunity.

Background: In mid-December 2020, Israel started a nationwide mass vaccination campaign against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the first few weeks, medical personnel, elderly citizens, and patients with chronic diseases were prioritized. As such, patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies were encouraged to receive the vaccine.

HippoUnit: A software tool for the automated testing and systematic comparison of detailed models of hippocampal neurons based on electrophysiological data.

Anatomically and biophysically detailed data-driven neuronal models have become widely used tools for understanding and predicting the behavior and function of neurons. Due to the increasing availability of experimental data from anatomical and electrophysiological measurements as well as the growing number of computational and software tools that enable accurate neuronal modeling, there are now a large number of different models of many cell types available in the literature. These models were usually built to capture a few important or interesting properties of the given neuron type, and it is often unknown how they would behave outside their original context.