Static mandibular condyle positions studied by MRI and condylar position indicator.

We compared mandibular condyle positions as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a mechanical device, the condylar position indicator (CPI). Both methods assessed 3 mandibular positions in 10 asymptomatic males and 10 asymptomatic females, aged 23 to 37 years, free from temporomandibular disorders: maximum intercuspation, bimanually manipulated centric relation, and the unguided neuromuscular position. Bite registrations were obtained for bimanual operator guidance and neuromuscular position.

Estimated functional space of centric condyle positions in temporomandibular joints of asymptomatic individuals using MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on centric condyle positions lack 3D comparisons of guided and unguided methods, which are used for accomplishing centric relation reference positions. The purpose of this study was to describe the space, in which mandibular condyles are placed in vivo by dental intercuspation, Dawson's bimanual manipulation, and neuromuscular position. Twenty asymptomatic individuals aged 23 to 37 years underwent separate bite registrations using bimanual manipulation and the unguided neuromuscular technique.

Geometric morphometrics of different malocclusions in lateral skull radiographs.

Background: To evaluate the role of craniofacial shape in malocclusion by application of geometric morphometrics to a set of two-dimensional landmarks and semilandmarks obtained from lateral skull radiographs.

Methods: Cephalometric radiograph tracings of 88 untreated Caucasians (age range 7-39 years) were assigned to four groups according to their occlusion: neutrocclusion, distocclusion, mesiocclusion, and anterior open bite. The geometric morphometric shape analysis incorporated 66 landmarks and semilandmarks, which underwent generalized Procrustes analysis, between-groups principal component analysis, thin-plate spline deformation grid visualization, permutation tests, and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on pulpal blood flow after orthodontic treatment: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: The effect of non-invasive extracorporeal shockwaves on pulpal blood flow in orthodontic patients who have undergone active treatment was investigated.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-two adult patients were enrolled in the clinical trial and allocated by block randomization to a treatment or a placebo group at a 1:1 ratio. The patients were required to be otherwise healthy.

Impact of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on tooth mobility in adult orthodontic patients: a randomized single-center placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Aim: This RCT investigated the effect of non-invasive extracorporeal shockwaves on tooth mobility in orthodontic patients after active treatment.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-two adult patients were included in the study. Immediately after active orthodontic treatment, patients were assigned to a treatment or a placebo group based on block randomization.

Impact of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy on the stability of temporary anchorage devices in adults: a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: In this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we investigated the effect of noninvasive extracorporeal shock waves on the stability of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) under orthodontic loading.

Methods: Thirty adult orthodontic patients of the Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic in Vienna, Austria, were enrolled in this clinical trial and allocated by block randomization (size, 4) in a 1:1 ratio to either the treatment or the placebo group. Randomization was performed with software, and the allocations were concealed in sealed envelopes.

The impact of education on the perception of facial profile aesthetics and treatment need.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of education on the perception of various male and female Caucasian profiles with respect to attractiveness and treatment need.

Methods: Four hundred questionnaires were distributed among six groups of raters (nonacademic laymen, academic laymen, preclinical students, clinical students, orthodontists, and maxillofacial surgeons). Male and female profile images were altered digitally in the sagittal and vertical dimensions resulting in nine different male and female profiles.

Influence of different conditioning methods on immediate and delayed dentin sealing.

Statement Of Problem: Data are needed to evaluate the effect of various conditioning methods on immediate and delayed dentin sealing.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test bond strength and surface configuration of immediate and delayed dentin sealing surfaces after applying different surface conditioning methods.

Material And Methods: A total of 96 premolars were allocated to the immediate and delayed groups.

Impact of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on orthodontic tooth movement-a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: This randomized clinical trial investigated the effect of extracorporeal shock waves on the amount of orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal parameters.

Material And Methods: Twenty-six adult orthodontic patients participated in this clinical trial; all of them receiving lower second molar mesially directed movement. The fixed orthodontic device included superelastic coil springs (200 cN) and miniscrews as temporary anchorage device.

Upper molar distalization with skeletally anchored TopJet appliance.

Objective: To retrospectively investigate clinical outcomes with the TopJet appliance.

Materials And Methods: Measurements were taken on dental casts reflecting situations in 15 patients aged 10-48 years before and after orthodontic treatment with a TopJet appliance. Each measurement was taken with a digital caliper and repeated 2 weeks later.

Color stability of different composite resin materials.

Statement Of Problem: Data are needed to better predict the color stability of current composite resin materials.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different storage solutions on the color stability of different composite resin materials.

Material And Methods: Different restorative and adhesive composite resin specimens (dual-polymerizing self-adhesive resin cement, autopolymerizing resin-based composite resin, dual-polymerizing resin-based composite resin, nanohybrid composite resin, and microhybrid composite resin) were fabricated and stored in red wine, black tea, chlorhexidine, sodium fluoride, tea tree oil, or distilled water for 4 weeks at 37°C.

Guided and unguided mandibular reference positions in asymptomatic individuals.

Objectives: To determine the difference between guided and unguided mandibular reference positions assessed by articulator simulation.

Setting And Sample Population: This study was carried out at the Division of Orthodontics at Vienna Medical University. The sample population consisted of 19 men and 18 women aged 23-32 years and without temporomandibular disorder.

Rebonding performance of different ceramic brackets conditioned with a new silane coupling agent.

The objective of this study was to investigate the rebonding effect of a new silane coupling agent on various ceramic brackets bonded to ceramic specimen. Different ceramic brackets (Fascination 2, Clarity SL, and In-OvationC) were assigned to three groups: rebonding with new silane coupling agent, rebonding with conventional silane coupling agent, or regular bonding as control (n = 16). Bracket adhesion was calculated with a shear test in a universal testing machine.

Influence of surface conditioning on ceramic microstructure and bracket adhesion.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different conditioning procedures on various ceramic microstructures and bracket adhesion. Ceramic specimens (feldspathic, leucite, leucite-free, and fluorapatite) were mechanically conditioned (n = 20 per ceramic type) with conventional hydrofluoric acid (5 per cent HF; 60/30 seconds), buffered hydrofluoric acid (9.6 per cent BHF; 60/30 seconds), or sandblasting (Al(2)O(3)/SiO(2) particles).

Comparison of Japanese and European overbite depth indicator and antero-posterior dysplasia indicator values.

This study evaluated cephalometric differences between 113 Japanese (43 males and 70 females, aged 14.1 ± 5 years) and 106 European subjects (36 males and 70 females, aged 13.5 ± 7.

Left/right asymmetries and open/closed differences of interdental forces in the mandible.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the variation in interdental forces between mandibular canines and lateral incisors of 19 volunteers (9 males and 10 females) aged 20-26 years for four configurations (mandible open/closed and left/right side). These forces were derived by pulling a stainless steel matrix strip between these teeth, six times per configuration, and registering the time variation with a high-resolution transducer. The repeated median smoothing algorithm was applied to find the maximum of each curve and a bootstrap method estimated the 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) for all 76 configurations.

Shear bond strength of fluoride-releasing orthodontic bonding and composite materials.

Several fluoride-releasing bonding materials are available for orthodontic bracket placement. These are supposed to prevent white spot lesions during therapy. The objectives of this in vitro study were to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure mode of a recently introduced fluoride-releasing adhesive, as well as the comparison with established orthodontic adhesives.

Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the airways and ears--a pilot study.

The aim of this prospective study was to describe the morphological and functional changes of the upper airways and the middle ears after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Thirteen patients comprised the original study sample, of these three patients dropped out. Of the remaining 10 subjects, seven (two females, five males; average age, 8.

Secular trends in the European male facial skull from the Migration Period to the present: a cephalometric study.

Secular trends in the facial skull over three Central European samples spanning more than 13 centuries were examined. Data were 43 conventional cephalometric landmark points for samples dating from 680 to 830 AD (29 male Avars), from the mid-19th century (49 adult Hapsburg Monarchy males), and from the 20th century (54 living Austrian young adult males). Analyses by standard methods of geometric morphometrics demonstrated shape differences by data and by size, with a strong interaction of these with sample, in that group mean differences were different for small and large individuals (allometry is different from period to period).

Cytotoxicity and shear bond strength of four orthodontic adhesive systems.

The objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of four orthodontic bonding systems, Light Bond, Enlight, Concise, and Transbond, and to evaluate their shear bond strength (SBS). These orthodontic bonding materials were applied to metal brackets (Mini Diamond). Glass specimens were used as controls in all experiments.

Secular trends in the facial skull from the 19th century to the present, analyzed with geometric morphometrics.

Introduction: Over the last 100 years, Austrian facial form has changed for various reasons, including changes in growth pattern, changes in shape pattern, or a combination of these. In this study, we explored and contrasted these 2 explanations.

Methods: We compared cephalograms from 54 recruits in the present-day Austrian Federal Army to those from 49 dry skulls of soldiers from the Imperial Hapsburg army.

Heat generated by residual adhesive removal after debonding of brackets.

Aim: To measure the rise in temperature during mechanical removal of residual adhesive after debonding of brackets in vitro.

Methods: Different carbide burs on a high-speed handpiece were tested. Acrylic on the buccal surfaces of recently extracted human maxillary incisors was removed using 3 types of carbide burs (6-, 12-, 40-fluted) with a varying number of windings relative to the long axis of the shaft.

A cephalometric comparison of skulls from different time periods--the Bronze Age, the 19th century and the present.

The aim of this study was to evaluate secular trends by means of orthodontic measurements on lateral cephalograms. We use roentgenograms from three populations: 22 Bronze Age skulls from a cemetery near Hainburg/Austria, 140 soldiers who served in the Hapsburg Imperial Army in the late 19th century, and 154 contemporary recruits of the Austrian Federal Army. Using conventional morphometric analysis, no statistically significant differences could be established.