The "Golden Hour" and field triage pattern for road trauma patients.

Introduction: Although the term "golden hour" is a well-known concept among trauma system and emergency medical service providers, the relationship between time and trauma patient outcome and the process of prehospital care for road trauma patients in rural settings are poorly understood. As the underlying basis for triage decision-making, the estimated transport interval to trauma center is usually absent in the existing studies.

Method: In this study, the crash data between 2013 and 2017 were obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, and the estimated intervals were calculated by using a Geographic Information System software.

[Severe hereditary protein C deficiency in a newborn infant with fulminant purpura--successful treatment with phenprocoumon].

A newborn baby was born with scrotal hematoma and a diagnosis of testicular torsion was made. This diagnosis proved false, when the hematoma was resorbed after a few days and other hematomas developed instead (abdomen, elbow, foot, scalp). A total of nine hemorrhagic episodes were observed, most of them occurring on the scalp.

[Air embolism as a rare occurrence of the air leakage complex in premature infants on artificial respiration].

A premature baby requiring mechanical respiratory aid because of severe IRDS developed an interstitial pulmonary emphysema and died of massive gas embolism. Air trapped in the pulmonary interstitium because of rupture of overinflated alveoli, penetrated into the pulmonary lymphatics and entered the venous system via the thoracic duct.

[Pneumothorax in the background of cerebral hemorrhage in premature infants].

362 preterm newborns with birth weights ranging between 1 000 and 2 000 g were admitted to NICU of Kinderklinik Städtische Kliniken Kassel during Jan. 1978 and Dec. 1981.

[Influence of vitamin E on the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates with artificial ventilation. A prospective randomized study].

In a prospectively randomized study we investigated the influence of vitamin E on the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in neonates with artificial ventilation. Out of 78 neonates two randomized groups of each 39 were formed; one was treated, the other served as control group. We evaluated the cases of those children who remained on respiratory therapy for more than 3 days and who survived 14 days or longer, 19 in each group.

[Haemolytic streptococci of the serological group B and pneumococci - new life-threatening bacteria in newborn wards (author's transl)].

In 1978 353 premature and mature newborns were admitted to our neonatal and intensive care unit. 34 children developed bacterial infections. B-streptococci were the offending organisms in 6 cases, pneumococci in 1 case, 5 of these 7 infections were of the early-onset type, 2 of the late-onset type.

[Phenumopericardium and pneumomediastinum depend upon bronchial foreign body (author's transl)].

A case with pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum produced by a bronchial foreign body (pieces of a nut) is reported. The pathomechanism is discussed: In state of check valve the bronchial foreign body produces an interstitial emphysema by rupture of the alveolar membranes in the overinflated lung. The interstitial air travels along the sheaths of the pulmonary blood vessels to the root of the lung, to mediastinum, and to pericardium.

[Kleinschmidt's syndrome (author's transl)].

This is a case-report about a 4 year old boy with "cherry red" epiglottis, purulent meningitis and pleuropneumonia. Purulent meningitis and pleuropneumonia are not complications of treatment of "cherry red" epiglottis but an entity caused by Hemophilus influenzae-infection and is called Kleinschmidt's syndrome (Hemophilus influenzae type B-infection-syndrome). This severe illness is successfully treated if recognized early enough.

[Continuous negative pressure (cnp) in infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (irds) (author's transl)].

13 unselected premature infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) have been treated with continuous negative pressure (CNP). A chamber was applied to the infants' body, so that the head remained outside in normal atmospheric pressure. 4 infants died during the period of treatment.