Modulation of Postprandial Plasma Concentrations of Digestive Hormones and Gut Microbiota by Foods Containing Oat ß-Glucans in Healthy Volunteers.

Cereal β-glucans are beneficial health ingredients that reduce cholesterolemia and postprandial glycaemia. However, their impact on digestive hormones and gut microbiota is not yet fully established. Two randomized, double-blind, controlled studies were conducted.

Incidence of cervical, breast and colorectal cancers between 2010 and 2015 in people living with HIV in France.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the incidence rates between 2010 and 2015 for invasive cervical cancer (ICC), breast cancer (BC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in France, and to compare them with those in the French general population. These cancers are targeted by the national cancer-screening program.

Setting: This is a retrospective study based on the longitudinal data of the French Dat'AIDS cohort.

Prevalence and Spectrum of Second Primary Malignancies among People Living with HIV in the French Dat'AIDS Cohort.

Background: We aimed to describe the prevalence and spectrum of second primary cancer (SPC) in HIV-positive cancer survivors.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was performed using longitudinal data from the French Dat'AIDS cohort. Subjects who had developed at least two primary cancers were selected.

Determinants of Second Primary Cancer Type in Survivors of Virus-Related and Non-Virus-Related Cancer Living With HIV in the French Dat'AIDS Cohort.

Objectives: People who survive after primary cancer are at an increased risk for subsequent primary cancers. We aimed to investigate the possible determinants of second primary cancer (SPC) in HIV-positive cancer survivors.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study using longitudinal data from the French Dat'AIDS cohort.

Spectrum and Incidence Trends of AIDS- and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers between 2010 and 2015 in the French Dat'AIDS Cohort.

Background: Cancer risk is higher in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with the general population, and cancers related to age are expected to be most prevalent.

Methods: We determined the spectrum and incidence rates of AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC) and of lung, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), head and neck (HNC), colon-rectum, anal, liver, breast, prostate, and urinary bladder cancers between January 2010 and December 2015 in the French Dat'AIDS cohort. Incidence rates were calculated by year and compared using the test for linear trend.

Cystatin C and Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Predict 5-Year Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in People Living With HIV.

Background: Identifying people with HIV (PWH) at risk for chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events, and death is crucial. We evaluated biomarkers to predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events, and measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) slope.

Methods: Biomarkers were measured at enrollment.

Kaposi sarcoma among people living with HIV in the French DAT'AIDS cohort between 2010 and 2015.

Background: Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the risk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), KS cases still occur in HIV-infected people.

Objective: To describe all KS cases observed between 2010 and 2015 in a country with high ART coverage.

Methods: Retrospective study using longitudinal data from 44 642 patients in the French Dat'AIDS multicenter cohort.

Acute kidney injury in infective endocarditis: A retrospective analysis.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high case fatality in infective endocarditis (IE), but epidemiological data on the frequency of AKI during IE is scarce. We aimed to describe the frequency and risk factors for AKI during the course of IE using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes consensual criteria.

Methods: Using the French hospital discharge database (French acronym PMSI), we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 112 patients presenting with a first episode of probable or definite IE between January 2010 and May 2015.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Primary Immunodeficiencies.

Purpose: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but severe demyelinating disease caused by the polyomavirus JC (JCV) in immunocompromised patients. We report a series of patients with primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) who developed PML.

Methods: Retrospective observational study including PID patients with PML.

Incidence of new hepatitis C virus infection is still increasing in French MSM living with HIV.

Objective: High hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment uptake combined with effective direct-acting antiviral-based regimens resulted in a dramatic decline of HCV infection in French people living with HIV (PLWH). We assessed the yearly incidence of new HCV infection in PLWH enrolled in the large French Dat'AIDS cohort from 2012 to 2016 with a specific focus on MSM.

Methods: The incidence of new HCV infection was determined yearly in HCV-negative PLWH with serological follow-up during 2012-2016.

Modeling HIV-HCV coinfection epidemiology in the direct-acting antiviral era: the road to elimination.

Background: HCV treatment uptake has drastically increased in HIV-HCV coinfected patients in France since direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment approval, resulting in HCV cure in 63% of all HIV-HCV patients by the end of 2015. We investigated the impact of scaling-up DAA on HCV prevalence in the whole HIV population and in various risk groups over the next 10 years in France using a transmission dynamic compartmental model.

Methods: The model was based on epidemiological data from the French Dat'AIDS cohort.

Brugada syndrome revealed by intestinal shigellosis in a patient from Benin at the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne.

This paper is about a Brugada syndrome (BS) of accidental discovery in a patient from Benin during an intestinal shigellosis episode in the infectiology department of university hospital of Saint-Etienne, France. Authors establish a link between these two diseases. After a literature's review, they underline that BS is under-diagnosed in Africa.

Diagnostic challenges of kidney diseases in HIV-infected patients.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent comorbidity in persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, early diagnosis of CKD is difficult in PLWH. Areas covered: We reviewed the main diagnostic tools for CKD in PLWH, and discussed their strengths and limits.

Direct-acting antiviral treatment against hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-Infected patients - "En route for eradication"?

Objectives: Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) opened a new era in HCV treatment. We report the impact of HCV treatment in French HIV-HCV coinfected patients.

Methods: All HIV-HCV patients from the Dat'AIDS cohort followed between 2012 and 2015 were included.

CKD-EPI equation: A suitable Glomerular Filtration Rate estimate for drug dosing in HIV-infected patients.

Objectives: To evaluate concordance between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates (Cockcroft and Gault, modification of diet in renal diseases, chronic kidney disease epidemiology study group equations) for drug dosing in HIV-infected patients.

Patients And Methods: We performed a monocentric study. GFR was measured using the gold standard method (plasma clearance of iohexol) in 230 HIV-infected patients.

The Genotyping Resistance Profile of the Pol Gene Detected in Blood of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Men Is Durably Archived in the Gut Whatever the Time of Initiation of cART.

Objective: To evaluate the mutational patterns on the pol gene of the main HIV-1 strain archived in cell genome of 10 chronically infected men according to their clinical and therapeutic history. The genotyping resistance profiles were compared between the first blood plasma available at the time of HIV diagnosis and rectal biopsies and PBMC sampled 1-5 years after the initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Methods: HIV-1 RNA and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA were quantified by Abbott Real-Time HIV-1 and Generic HIV® DNA cell (Biocentric) assays.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis after Herpes simplex virus-associated encephalitis: an emerging disease with diagnosis and therapeutic challenges.

Introduction: Morbidity and mortality of Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) remain high. Relapses of neurological signs may occur after initial clinical improvement under acyclovir treatment.

Methods: We report here a case of post-HSE anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated encephalitis in an adult and perform a systematic search on PubMed to identify other cases in adults.

Immunization of HIV-infected adult patients - French recommendations.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients remain at increased risk of infection including vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccines are therefore critical components in the protection of HIV-infected patients from an increasing number of preventable diseases. However, missed opportunities for vaccination among HIV-infected patients persist and vaccine coverage in this population could be improved.

Major influence of CD4 count at the initiation of cART on viral and immunological reservoir constitution in HIV-1 infected patients.

Background: A persistent immune activation is observed in gut during HIV-1 infection, which is not completely reversed by a combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The impact of the time of cART initiation may highly influence the size of the viral reservoir and the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells in the gut. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of HIV rectal reservoir of long-term treated patients, regarding their blood CD4(+) T cells count at the time of cART initiation.