COVID-19 health practices and attitudes in the United States: the role of trust in healthcare.

Aim: Individual-level COVID-19 vaccination and related preventive health behaviors is politically polarized in the United States. We examined whether the current polarization in COVID-19 health behavior may be explained by differences in trust in healthcare, locus of control, or insurance status.

Subject And Methods: Our sample includes 553 US adults recruited on Amazon MTurk.

Is More Necessarily Better? School Security and Perceptions of Safety among Students and Parents in the United States.

The use of security measures within schools has increased dramatically over the past few decades. These proliferations are often touted by teachers, school administrators, politicians, and the public as necessary for improving student safety. Though research in this area is growing, we know little about how increased use of school security measures relates to both student and parental perceptions of school safety.

The Native American adolescent: social network structure and perceptions of alcohol induced social problems.

Race/ethnicity and the structure of an adolescent's social network are both important factors in the etiology of delinquent behavior. Yet, much of the minority-group delinquency literature overlooks the Native American youth population that traditionally exhibits high rates of alcohol use and abuse. Utilizing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we compare the structural characteristics of school-based friendship networks of American Indian youth and other racial/ethnic groups.

Youth gang membership and serious violent victimization: the importance of lifestyles and routine activities.

Youth gangs have received substantial scholarly and public attention during the past two decades. Although most of the extant research on youth gang members has focused on their offending behaviors, recent studies have examined the victimization of youth gang members relative to their nongang peers. Gang members generally have been found to be at increased risk of victimization, although the reasons for this relationship have not fully been explored.

Putting youth violent victimization into context: sex, race/ethnicity, and community differences among a multisite sample of youths.

The increased risk of violent victimization for adolescents relative to other age groups has recently become a major public health concern. The current study uses data from a multisite study of eighth grade youths attending public schools in 11 cities to determine the extent and nature of youth general and serious violent victimization among both sexes and five racial/ethnic groups in 11 diverse communities. This study explores differences in sex, race/ethnicity, and community independently and explores interactions between sex and community and race/ethnicity and community.

Normal CD4 T-cell receptor repertoire in tonsillar tissue despite perturbed repertoire in peripheral blood in HIV-1 infected individuals.

Objective: To compare the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of T-cell subsets in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue from HIV-1 infected individuals.

Design: Biopsies of tonsillar tissue and samples of peripheral blood were obtained from 10, mostly treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected individuals. CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets were quantified, the TCR repertoire was analysed within 'naive' and 'memory' subsets, and results compared between identical subsets in tonsillar tissue and blood.

Differential attrition rates and active parental consent.

Active parental consent in survey research poses ethical and practical concerns. One common argument against the requirement of active consent procedures is its effect on participation rates. There is additional concern that higher risk groups may be underrepresented in the final sample.

Malignant epithelial tumours in the upper digestive tract: a dietary and socio-medical case-control and survival study.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to elucidate the influence of social, dietary and environmental factors on the incidence of malignant epithelial tumours in the upper digestive tract and on the prognosis of patients with these cancers.

Design: A population-based case-control study was carried out, and the patients in the study were included in a survival analysis.

Setting: The study was carried out at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

[Fine needle aspiration of tumors of the salivary glands].

Tumours in the large salivary glands i.e. glandula submandibularis and glandula parotis are easily accessible by fine needle aspiration.

[Serum proteins in patients with recently discovered cancer in the oral cavity/throat. What experiences were gained by measurements of concentration and electrophoresis?].

84 patients with cancer of the upper digestive tract and 89 matched controls were examined. Lower than normal albumin concentrations were observed with an odds ratio for disease of 14 (95% confidence interval 4.5-46).

Cytologic features of fibromatosis colli of infancy.

Objective: To present the characteristic cytologic features of fibromatosis colli in infancy.

Study Design: A series of 14 children with the typical clinical presentation of fibromatosis colli of infancy on whom fine needle aspiration had been performed.

Results: The cytologic features were identical in all cases.

[Combined embolization and surgery of paragangliomas of the glomus caroticum. Report of a case and review of literature].

Carotid body paragangliomas are rare, and are generally benign tumours that grow slowly. Extirpation of carotid body paragangliomas is well documented as the best curative treatment, but can be accompanied by complications such as peroperative bleeding, stroke and injury to cranial nerves. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and evaluation are important, and preoperative carotide angiography is essential to confirm the diagnosis.

Patient self-reported and clinician-rated quality of life in head and neck cancer patients: a cross-sectional study.

One to six years after treatment for head and neck cancer, 68 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire at home with a subsequent examination at the out-patient clinic of the Ullevål University Hospital. 50 patients (74%) both answered the questionnaire (the EORTC QLQ-C30, a diagnosis specific questionnaire module, the GHQ-20, and two questions from a population survey) and presented for examination where the clinician rated side effects after treatment, and filled in the Karnofsky Performance Status and the Spitzer's Quality of Life index. No patients had relapse or second primary tumours at the time of examination but a variety of post-treatment side effects were recorded.

[Puncture cytology in tumors of the head and neck region].

In a series of fine needle aspirations performed in 541 patients with visible and/or palpable lesions in the head and neck, histological results were available in 205 the of cases. The cytological and histological diagnoses were compared. In three of the 205 cases the smears were inadequate for diagnosis.

Immediate interpretation of FNA smears from the head and neck region.

FNA smears from 540 patients, investigated for visible and/or palpable lesions in the head and neck, examined immediately during consultation have been compared with the final cytologic diagnoses and, when possible, with histologic results. Preliminary and final cytologic diagnoses differed in 25 cases (4.6%).

Zygomatico-maxillary fractures. Late results after traction-hook reduction.

A simple, closed method for zygomatico-maxillary fracture treatment is described i.e. replacement by the use of a traction bone-hook.

Facial skeletal dimensions in patients with nasal septal deviation.

The anatomy and the concomitant function of the face seem to be reciprocal issues. Previous studies have shown that stenosis in the posterior part of the nose, hampering nasal air flow, is associated with a retrognathic face and a posterior rotation of the lower jaw, i.e.

Cholesteatomas of the temporal bone. Preoperative C-T versus peroperative findings.

In a series of 25 ears with chronic otitis media the correlation between findings obtained by preoperative C-T of the temporal bone and observations made at surgery was evaluated. The study was performed "blindly", i.e.

Experimental septoplasty in the growing cat. A histological study.

Surgery on the nasal septum of a child is still a controversial issue, due to the fear of nasal growth inhibition. To elucidate the role that the Cottle premaxilla approach septoplasty play in the long term result, an operation using this technique was done in the growing cat, but no nasal packing nor stenting was applied. In several cases postoperative sequelae occurred, such as septal perforations, synnechia and thickening of the septum, due to dislodged cartilages.

Experimental nasal septoplasty; influence on nasomaxillary development. A roentgen cephalometric study in growing domestic cats.

The fear of destroying an anticipated growth centre has, with time, induced the postponement of nasal septal operations until adult age. Underdevelopment of the nose and middle face is otherwise believed to be the long-term result. In order to test this hypothesis, subepichondrial surgery was performed in growing domestic cats.

Concomitant transverse growth of the maxillary base and dental arch in experimental submucous mid-palatal clefts. A biometrical study in the domestic cat.

To obtain information on correlated growth of the maxillary base and dental arch in submucous mid-palatal clefts, such clefts were surgically created in 18 domestic cats. The growth ratios of the dento-maxillary complex were then compared with corresponding parameters in 18 unoperated controls. When fully grown, the operated cats had developed a significant hypoplasia of the maxillary base.

Growth of the dental arches after ablation of the mid-palatal suture. A study in the domestic cat.

The present investigation comprises a group of 18 domestic cats with surgically created, and finally histologically verified, submucous mid-palatal clefts. In addition 18 unoperated control animals were examined, along with 12 sham-operated cats, the latter serving as controls on the effect of the surgical soft tissue trauma applied. Measurements were made in regard to width and length of the dental arches, starting at the age of 2 1/2 months, ending at 12 2/3 months, i.

Bony or connective tissue union of operated experimental palatal clefts: implications on growth of the dentomaxillary complex. A biometrical study in the domestic cat.

Operated human cleft palates heal with formation of bone and/or connective tissue in the mended defect (Prydsö, Holm, Dahl & Fogh-Andersen, 1974; Enemark & Jörgensen, 1978). In domestic cats with experimental palatal clefts, reparation by hard or soft tissue appears to be conditioned by the type of palatoplasty applied (Freng, 1979a; 1979b;). Both tissue responses led to reduced transversal growth of the maxillary base (Freng, 1979c; 1981).

Compensatory growth of the dental arches in hypoplasia of the maxillary base. A biometrical analysis in the domestic cat.

When two opposing layers of mucoperiosteum are used to cover experimental mid-palatal clefts in growing cats, bone bridges regularly form between the palatal halves. This results in significantly smaller transverse dimensions of the hard palate, in a hypoplastic maxillary base. The present investigation analysed the concurrent enlargement of the dental arches in such animals.

Mid-facial sagittal growth following resection of the nasal septum-vomer: a roentgencephalometric study in the domestic cat.

The surgical correction of nasal septal deviation observed in children is usually postponed until adult age presumably on the assumption of interference with facial growth. In order to elucidate this hypothesis, the entire basis of the cartilaginous nasal septum and vomer was extirpated in a group of growing domestic cats. The operation resulted in a basally unsupported septum being separated from the palatal halves by loose connective tissue.