[Biopsychosocial Factors Influencing Mortality and Functional Recovery in COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Prone Positioning: A Prospective Observational Study].

Unlabelled: Patients placed in a prone position due to COVID-19 present a more severe disease, longer stay in ICU and have more significant complications associated with positioning than other patients.

Aim: To identify social, health, and hospital factors associated with mortality and functional recovery in activities of daily living (ADL) in patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19 who were in the prone position.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study between June 2021 and March 2022 at the San José Clinical Hospital.

Fast treatment of anterior shoulder dislocations with two sedation-free methods: The Davos self-reduction method and Arlt method.

Background: Various reduction techniques exist to treat traumatic shoulder dislocation, but best management remains unclear.

Aims: To investigate the reduction rate of traumatic anteroinferior shoulder dislocations using two sedation-free techniques and success rates of subgroups.

Methods: A single-center study was performed analysing shoulder dislocations in a two-year period.

Controlled electron transfer by molecular wires embedded in ultrathin insulating membranes for driving redox catalysis.

Organic bilayers or amorphous silica films of a few nanometer thickness featuring embedded molecular wires offer opportunities for chemically separating while at the same time electronically connecting photo- or electrocatalytic components. Such ultrathin membranes enable the integration of components for which direct coupling is not sufficiently efficient or stable. Photoelectrocatalytic systems for the generation or utilization of renewable energy are among the most prominent ones for which ultrathin separation layers open up new approaches for component integration for improving efficiency.

Subsidence of Spinal Fusion Cages: A Systematic Review.

Background: Although many research studies investigating subsidence of intervertebral fusion cages have been published, to our knowledge, no study has comprehensively compared cage subsidence among all lumbar intervertebral fusion (LIF) techniques. This study aimed to review the literature reporting evidence of cage subsidence linked to LIF. The amount of subsidence was compared and associated with the procedures and corresponding implants used, and the effect of cage subsidence on clinical outcomes was investigated.

Time-Resolved Vibrational and Electronic Spectroscopy for Understanding How Charges Drive Metal Oxide Catalysts for Water Oxidation.

Temporally resolved spectroscopy is a powerful approach for gaining detailed mechanistic understanding of water oxidation at robust Earth-abundant metal oxide catalysts for guiding efficiency improvement of solar fuel conversion systems. Beyond detecting and structurally identifying surface intermediates by vibrational and accompanying optical spectroscopy, knowledge of how charges, sequentially delivered to the metal oxide surface, drive the four-electron water oxidation cycle is critical for enhancing catalytic efficiency. Key issues addressed in this Perspective are the experimental requirements for establishing the kinetic relevancy of observed surface species and the discovery of the rate-boosting role of encounters of two or more one-electron surface hole charges, often in the form of randomly hopping metal oxo or oxyl moieties, for accessing very low-barrier O-O bond-forming pathways.

Self-Assembled Monolayers for Improved Charge Injection of Silver Back Electrodes in Inverted Organic Electronic Devices.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed from thiol compounds bound to Ag and Au electrodes have been used as an important strategy in improving the stability and efficiency of optoelectronic devices. Thiol compounds provide only one binding site with the metal electrode which limits their influence. Dithiolane/dithiol compounds can provide multiple binding sites and could be useful in enhancing the performance of the device.

Intracranial Displacement Measurements Within Targeted Anatomical Regions of a Postmortem Human Surrogate Brain Subjected to Impact.

The dynamic response of the human brain subjected to impulsive loading conditions is of fundamental importance to the understanding of traumatic brain injuries. Due to the complexity of such measurements, the existing experimental datasets available to researchers are sparse. However, these measurements are used extensively in the validation of complex finite element models used in the design of protective equipment and the development of injury mitigation strategies.

A Parametric Analysis of Embedded Tissue Marker Properties and Their Effect on the Accuracy of Displacement Measurements.

Datasets obtained from cadaveric experimentation are broadly used in validating finite element models of head injury. Due to the complexity of such measurements in soft tissues, experimentalists have relied on tissue-embedded radiographic or sonomicrometry tracking markers to resolve tissue motion caused by impulsive loads. Dynamic coupling of markers with the surrounding tissue has been a previous concern, yet a thorough sensitivity investigation of marker influences on tissue deformation has not been broadly discussed.

Controlling and Optimizing Photoinduced Charge Transfer across Ultrathin Silica Separation Membrane with Embedded Molecular Wires for Artificial Photosynthesis.

Ultrathin amorphous silica membranes with embedded organic molecular wires (oligo(-phenylenevinylene), three aryl units) provide chemical separation of incompatible catalytic environments of CO reduction and HO oxidation while maintaining electronic and protonic coupling between them. For an efficient nanoscale artificial photosystem, important performance criteria are high rate and directionality of charge flow. Here, the visible-light-induced charge flow from an anchored Ru bipyridyl light absorber across the silica nanomembrane to CoO water oxidation catalyst is quantitatively evaluated by photocurrent measurements.

Impact-Induced Cortical Strain Concentrations at the Sulcal Base and Its Implications for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

This study investigated impact-induced strain fields within brain tissue surrogates having different cortical gyrification. Two elastomeric surrogates, one representative of a lissencephalic brain and the other of a gyrencephalic brain, were drop impacted in unison at four different heights and in two different orientations. Each surrogate contained a radiopaque speckle pattern that was used to calculate strain fields.

Precise Colloidal Plasmonic Photocatalysts Constructed by Multistep Photodepositions.

Natural photosynthesis relies on a sophisticated charge transfer pathway among multiple components with precise spatial, energetic, and temporal organizations in the aqueous environment. It continues to inspire and challenge the design and fabrication of artificial multicomponent colloidal nanostructures for solar-to-fuel conversion. Herein, we introduce a plasmonic photocatalyst synthesized with colloidal methods with five integrated components including cocatalysts installed in orthogonal locations.

Soil water solutes reduce the critical micelle concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds.

Quaternary alkyl ammonium compounds (QAACs) are produced in large quantities for use as surfactants and disinfectants and also found in soils, sediments, and surface waters, where they are potentially involved in the selection of antibiotic resistance genes. Micelle formation influences fate and effects of QAACs. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of six homologs of benzylalkylammonium chlorides (BAC) was determined in deionized water, 0.

Spectroscopic Characterization of μ-η:η-Peroxo Ligands Formed by Reaction of Dioxygen with Electron-Rich Iridium Clusters.

Although oxygen is a common ligand in supported metal catalysts, its coordination has been challenging to elucidate. We now characterize a diiridium complex that has been previously shown by X-ray diffraction crystallography to incorporate a μ-η:η-peroxo ligand. We observe markedly enhanced intensity at 788 cm in the Raman spectrum of this complex, which is a consequence of bonding of the peroxo ligand but does not shift upon O labeling.

Previous Damage Accumulation Can Influence Femoral Fracture Strength: A Finite Element Study.

To manage osteoporotic hip fracture risk, it is necessary to understand failure mechanisms of bone at both the material and organ level. The structural response of bone is dependent on load history. Repeated loading causes progressive microstructural cracking, resulting in reduced apparent-level stiffness and, if damage is significant, reductions to peak load bearing capability.

0.24 TW ultrabroadband, CEP-stable multipass Ti:Sa amplifier.

We demonstrate a single-stage, multipass Ti:sapphire amplifier capable of delivering sub-13 fs, 3.2 mJ pulses at a 1 kHz repetition rate. Gaussian filters are used to suppress the gain-narrowing effect, thereby enabling the achievement of an ultrabroadband flat-top spectrum with a >130  .

Ultrathin oxide layers for nanoscale integration of molecular light absorbers, catalysts, and complete artificial photosystems.

Artificial photosynthesis is an attractive approach for the generation of renewable fuels because such systems will be suitable for deployment on highly abundant, non-arable land. Recently emerged methods of nanoscience to create conformal, ultrathin oxide layers enable the hierarchical integration of light absorbers, catalysts, and membranes into systems with far simpler synthetic approaches than available till now. This holds in particular for the coupling of molecular light absorbers and catalysts for sunlight to fuel conversion, providing photoelectrodes with greatly improved stability.

Higher patient activity level and subchondral stiffening in asymptomatic cam femoroacetabular impingement subjects.

A cam deformity is proposed as a cause of idiopathic osteoarthritis. Increased subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with this degenerative process of osteoarthritis, and the patient's activity level may contribute to it. Therefore, the correlation between activity level and subchondral BMD in subjects with cam deformity FAI was studied.

Unravelling the hip pistol grip/cam deformity: Origins to joint degeneration.

This article reviews a body of work performed by the investigators over 9 years that has addressed the significance of cam morphology in the development of hip osteoarthritis (OA). Early hip joint degeneration is a common clinical presentation and preexisting abnormal joint morphology is a risk factor for its development. Interrogating Hill's criteria, we tested whether cam-type femoroacetabular impingement leads to hip OA.

Heterobinuclear Light Absorber Coupled to Molecular Wire for Charge Transport across Ultrathin Silica Membrane for Artificial Photosynthesis.

Coupling of robust, all-inorganic heterobinuclear light absorbers to metal oxide catalysts for water oxidation across an ultrathin product-separating silica membrane requires charge transfer through organic molecular wires embedded in the silica. A synthetic approach for assembling the bimetallic units on the silica surface is introduced that is compatible with the presence of encapsulated organic molecules. Accurate selection and fine tuning of the concentration of embedded conducting wires are enabled by a two-step method consisting of surface attachment of a tripodal anchor, trimethoxysilyl aniline, followed by attachment of p-oligo(phenylene vinylene) through amide linkage.

Nanoscale membranes that chemically isolate and electronically wire up the abiotic/biotic interface.

By electrochemically coupling microbial and abiotic catalysts, bioelectrochemical systems such as microbial electrolysis cells and microbial electrosynthesis systems synthesize energy-rich chemicals from energy-poor precursors with unmatched efficiency. However, to circumvent chemical incompatibilities between the microbial cells and inorganic materials that result in toxicity, corrosion, fouling, and efficiency-degrading cross-reactions between oxidation and reduction environments, bioelectrochemical systems physically separate the microbial and inorganic catalysts by macroscopic distances, thus introducing ohmic losses, rendering these systems impractical at scale. Here we electrochemically couple an inorganic catalyst, a SnO anode, with a microbial catalyst, Shewanella oneidensis, via a 2-nm-thick silica membrane containing -CN and -NO functionalized p-oligo(phenylene vinylene) molecular wires.

Femoral fracture load and fracture pattern is accurately predicted using a gradient-enhanced quasi-brittle finite element model.

Nonlinear finite element (FE) modeling can be a powerful tool for studying femoral fracture. However, there remains little consensus in the literature regarding the choice of material model and failure criterion. Quasi-brittle models recently have been used with some success, but spurious mesh sensitivity remains a concern.

Carbon Dioxide Dimer Radical Anion as Surface Intermediate of Photoinduced CO Reduction at Aqueous Cu and CdSe Nanoparticle Catalysts by Rapid-Scan FT-IR Spectroscopy.

Monitoring of visible light sensitized reduction of CO at Cu nanoparticles in aqueous solution by rapid-scan ATR FT-IR spectroscopy on the time scale of seconds allowed structural identification of a one-electron intermediate and demonstrated its kinetic relevancy for the first time. Isotopic labeling (C: 1632, 1358, 1346 cm; C: 1588, 1326, 1316 cm) revealed a species of carbon dioxide dimer radical anion structure, most likely bound to the catalyst surface through carbon. Intermediacy of Cu-C(═O)OCO surface species is in agreement with a recently proposed mechanism for electrocatalytic CO reduction at Cu metal nanoparticles based on Tafel slope analysis.

Treatment of Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura with Homeopathic Dilutions of Patient Blood.

Background: Conventional or homeopathic treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is often difficult. The use of homeopathic dilutions of patient blood (HPB) for immunomodulation has been described, which inspired us to try the method in an ITP case.

Case Report: A 2-year-old girl with chronic ITP was treated with homeopathic dilutions of her own capillary blood, given orally over 5 months.

Fabrication of Core-Shell Nanotube Array for Artificial Photosynthesis Featuring an Ultrathin Composite Separation Membrane.

Macroscale arrays of cobalt oxide-silica core-shell nanotubes with high aspect ratio and ultrathin walls of less than 20 nm have been fabricated. The silica shells feature embedded oligo-para(phenylenevinylene) molecules for charge transport across the insulating silica layer, which is tightly controlled by their electronic properties. The assembly is based on the use of a sacrificial Si nanorod array template combined with atomic layer deposition, covalent anchoring of organic wire molecules, and dry cryo-etching.

Validation of an alignment method using motion tracking system for in-vitro orientation of cadaveric hip joints with reduced set of anatomical landmarks.

Accurate in-vitro orientation of cadaveric hip joints is challenging due to limited available anatomical landmarks. Published hip joint in-vitro investigations commonly lack details on methods used to achieve reported orientations and the accuracy with which the desired orientation has been achieved. The aim of this study was to develop an accurate method for orienting hip joints with limited anatomical landmarks for in-vitro investigations, and to compare this method against orientation using guiding axes and by visual approximation.