Health services for aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in remote Australia: A scoping review.

In Australia, there is a significant gap between health outcomes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children, which may relate to inequity in health service provision, particularly in remote areas. The aim was to conduct a scoping review to identify publications in the academic and grey literature and describe 1) Existing health services for Indigenous children in remote Australia and service use, 2) Workforce challenges in remote settings, 3) Characteristics of an effective health service, and 4) Models of care and solutions. Electronic databases of medical/health literature were searched (Jan 1990 to May 2021).

Abnormal thalamic functional connectivity correlates with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Background: Altered thalamic volumes and resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) might be associated with physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS).

Objectives: To assess thalamic structural and functional alterations and investigate their correlations with PA/CRF levels in people with PMS.

Methods: Seven-day accelerometry and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were used to assess PA/CRF levels in 91 persons with PMS.

Variability in Sleep Duration and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Across the Menstrual Cycle.

Variability in sleep duration and cardiovascular health have been infrequently investigated, particularly among reproductive-age women. We examined these associations across the menstrual cycle among a cohort of 250 healthy premenopausal women, aged 18-44 years. The BioCycle study (New York, 2005-2007) collected cardiovascular biomarkers (serum high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL, LDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein (CRP)) at key time points along the menstrual cycle (follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases).

The Oxford Positive Self Scale: psychometric development of an assessment of cognitions associated with psychological well-being.

Background: Developing, elaborating, and consolidating positive views of the self is a plausible route to increased psychological well-being. We set out to provide an assessment of positive self-beliefs that could be used in research and clinical practice.

Methods: A non-probability online survey was conducted with 2500 UK adults, quota sampled to match the population for age, gender, ethnicity, income, and region.

Expanding the reach of evidence-based mental health interventions to private practice: Qualitative assessment using a policy ecology framework.

Background: Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for mental health disorders are underutilized in routine clinical practice. Exposure therapy for anxiety disorders is one particularly difficult-to-implement EBI that has robust empirical support. Previous research has examined EBI implementation determinants in publicly funded mental health settings, but few studies have examined EBI implementation determinants in private practice settings.

Preclinical proof of concept for VivoVec, a lentiviral-based platform for in vivo CAR T-cell engineering.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have demonstrated transformational outcomes in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but their widespread use is hindered by technical and logistical challenges associated with ex vivo cell manufacturing. To overcome these challenges, we developed VivoVec, a lentiviral vector-based platform for in vivo engineering of T cells. UB-VV100, a VivoVec clinical candidate for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, displays an anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) on the surface and delivers a genetic payload that encodes a second-generation CD19-targeted CAR along with a rapamycin-activated cytokine receptor (RACR) system designed to overcome the need for lymphodepleting chemotherapy in supporting successful CAR T-cell expansion and persistence.

A cryptic pathogenic NDUFV1 variant identified by RNA-seq in a patient with normal complex I activity in muscle and transient magnetic resonance imaging changes.

Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders (MRC) are amongst the most common group of inborn errors of metabolism. MRC, of which complex I deficiency accounts for approximately a quarter, are very diverse, causing a wide range of clinical problems and can be difficult to diagnose. We report an illustrative MRC case whose diagnosis was elusive.

Corrigendum: Modification of plant cell walls with hydroxycinnamic acids by BAHD acyltransferases.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.

Adherence to physical rehabilitation delivered via tele-rehabilitation for people with multiple sclerosis: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Using tele-rehabilitation methods to deliver exercise, physical activity (PA) and behaviour change interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) has increased in recent years, especially since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding adherence to therapeutic exercise and PA delivered via tele-rehabilitation for pwMS.

Methods And Analysis: Frameworks described by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac underpin the methods.

Profiling cognitive-motor interference in a large sample of persons with progressive multiple sclerosis and impaired processing speed: results from the CogEx study.

Background: Performing cognitive-motor dual tasks (DTs) may result in reduced walking speed and cognitive performance. The effect in persons with progressive multiple sclerosis (pwPMS) having cognitive dysfunction is unknown.

Objective: To profile DT-performance during walking in cognitively impaired pwPMS and examine DT-performance by disability level.

Exposure to exposure: A protocol for leveraging exposure principles during training to address therapist-level barriers to exposure implementation.

Background: Exposure therapy is a highly effective but underutilized treatment for anxiety disorders. A primary contributor to its underutilization is therapist-level negative beliefs about its safety and tolerability for patients. Given functional similarities between anxious beliefs among patients and negative beliefs among therapists, the present protocol describes how exposure principles can be leveraged during training to target and reduce therapist negative beliefs.

Initial Findings From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures.

Background: The National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) AFib Ablation Registry was created to assess real-world prevalence, demographic characteristics, procedural management, and outcomes of patients undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to characterize the patient, hospital, and physician characteristics and in-hospital outcomes related to AF ablation in the first 5 years of the registry.

Methods: This paper describes the AFib Ablation Registry structure and governance, outcome assessment processes, data quality, and data collection processes.

The Use of Collagen Methacrylate in Actuating Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate-Acrylic Acid Scaffolds for Muscle Regeneration.

After muscle loss or injury, skeletal muscle tissue has the ability to regenerate and return its function. However, large volume defects in skeletal muscle tissue pose a challenge to regenerate due to the absence of regenerative elements such as biophysical and biochemical cues, making the development of new treatments necessary. One potential solution is to utilize electroactive polymers that can change size or shape in response to an external electric field.

Efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of acute pain after orthopedic trauma: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the Orthopedic Trauma Association.

Objectives: Fracture is a common injury after a traumatic event. The efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat acute pain related to fractures is not well established.

Methods: Clinically relevant questions were determined regarding NSAID use in the setting of trauma-induced fractures with clearly defined patient populations, interventions, comparisons and appropriately selected outcomes (PICO).

Assessing Vulnerability to COVID-19 in High-Risk Populations: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Targeted Serology.

Individuals at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, due to compromised immunity or other risk factors, would benefit from objective measures of vulnerability to infection based on vaccination or prior infection. The authors reviewed published data to identify a specific role and interpretation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike-targeted serology testing. Specific recommendations are provided for an evidence-based and clinically-useful interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 spike-targeted serology to identify vulnerability to infection and potential subsequent adverse outcomes.

Airborne transmission: a new paradigm with major implications for infection control and public health.

Recognition of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses is a paradigm shift in the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) field, contributed to by New Zealand's experience in Managed Isolation Quarantine Facilities (MIQF). Slowness to embrace this shift by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international bodies highlights the importance of applying the precautionary principle and subjecting established theories to the same level of critical scrutiny as those challenging the status quo. Improving indoor air quality to reduce infection risk and provide other health benefits is a new frontier, requiring much additional work at both grassroots and policy levels.

Association of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity Level With Risks of Hospitalization for 25 Common Health Conditions in UK Adults.

Importance: Higher physical activity levels are associated with lower risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, but associations with many common and less severe health conditions are not known. These conditions impose large health care burdens and reduce quality of life.

Objectives: To investigate the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity and the subsequent risk of hospitalization for 25 common reasons for hospitalization and to estimate the proportion of these hospitalizations that might have been prevented if participants had higher levels of physical activity.

Danicamtiv increases myosin recruitment and alters the chemomechanical cross bridge cycle in cardiac muscle.

Unlabelled: Modulating myosin function is a novel therapeutic approach in patients with cardiomyopathy. Detailed mechanism of action of these agents can help predict potential unwanted affects and identify patient populations that can benefit most from them. Danicamtiv is a novel myosin activator with promising preclinical data that is currently in clinical trials.

Dorsomedial striatum, but not dorsolateral striatum, is necessary for rat category learning.

Categorization is an adaptive cognitive function that allows us to generalize knowledge to novel situations. Converging evidence from neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological studies suggest that categorization is mediated by the basal ganglia; however, there is debate regarding the necessity of each subregion of the basal ganglia and their respective functions. The current experiment examined the roles of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS; homologous to the head of the caudate nucleus) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS; homologous to the body and tail of the caudate nucleus) in category learning by combining selective lesions with computational modeling.

Unusual Hand Deformity in Parkinson's Disease.

We describe two patients with prominent hand deformities attributable to Parkinson's disease. This uncommon condition, which mimics inflammatory arthritis, can be hard to diagnose and is disabling. As these two cases illustrate, hand deformities attributable to Parkinson's can be a late complication of the disease or present in the early stage as initial symptomatology.

Rates and predictors of hospital and emergency department care after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Although atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation has become increasingly safer, rehospitalization and emergency department (ED) evaluations can occur in the postablation period. Better understanding of the frequency, causes, and predictors for hospitalization and ED evaluation after ablation are needed, particularly as same-day discharge programs expand.

Methods: The Optum Clinformatics database was used to define rates, causes, and predictors of hospital and ED care after AF ablation performed between January 2016 and May 2019.

Insoles to ease plantar pressure in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy: a feasibility randomised controlled trial with an embedded qualitative study.

Background: Therapeutic footwear and insoles are preventative strategies to reduce elevated plantar pressures associated with diabetic foot ulcer risk. An insole intervention appropriate for chairside delivery optimising plantar foot pressure reduction in people with diabetes has been developed.

Aim: To explore the feasibility and acceptability of testing an optimised insole compared with an active control insole to reduce plantar pressures for people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.