Significance of tumour budding and invasive characteristics in grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tumour budding has been recognized as a morphologic marker of tumour invasion. Invasive characteristics such as depth of invasion, mode of invasion and worst pattern of invasion are potentially powerful parameters predicting the regional metastasis.

Aim: This study was done to understand the significance of tumour budding and various characteristics of invasion and their impact on grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of galectin-3 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia and normal mucosa.

Background: Galectin 3 (Gal-3) has diverse functions critical in cancer biology including cell proliferation, apoptosis, evasion of immune responses and angiogenesis. The expression of Gal-3 is heterogeneous in normal and neoplastic tissues. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OL), both increased and decreased expressions of Gal-3 were elicited in numerous studies.