An atypical stapedial artery.

The persistence of the stapedial artery is a rare vascular anomaly. It is mostly asymptomatic but sometimes cause conductive hearing loss, pulsatile tinnitus, or vertigo. The estimated prevalence of this rare postembryonic persistence ranged from 0.

Hippocampal Sparing During Craniospinal Irradiation: What Did We Learn About the Incidence of Perihippocampus Metastases?

Purpose: To identify the incidence of patients with perihippocampal metastases to assess the risk of brain relapse when sparing the hippocampal area. Medulloblastoma (MB) represents 20% of pediatric brain tumors. For high-risk MB patients, the 3- to 5-year event-free survival rate has recently improved from 50% to >76%.

Absence of IDH mutation identifies a novel radiologic and molecular subtype of WHO grade II gliomas with dismal prognosis.

The phenotypic heterogeneity of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) is still inconsistently explained by known molecular abnormalities in patients treated according to the present standards of care. IDH1 codon 132 and IDH2 codon 172 sequencing was performed in a series of 47 LGGs and correlated with clinical presentation, MR imaging characteristics, genomic profile and outcome. A total of 38 IDH1 mutations at codon 132 and 2 IDH2 mutations at codon 172 were found, including 35 R132H (87.

New onset refractory convulsive status epilepticus associated with serum neuropil auto-antibodies in a school aged child.

We report a case of a child that suffered from a severe new onset status epilepticus a few days after a common viral infection. Despite extensive screening, no bacterial, viral or fungal infection could be found. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we found neuronal auto-antibodies directed against the neuropil, in blood and CSF, associated with CSF oligoclonal banding.

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of acquired and developmental brain anomalies.

During the last decade, increasing interest in magnetic resonance imaging has emerged for the evaluation of fetal abnormalities detected on ultrasound. The advent of single-shot rapid acquisition sequences has greatly facilitated our ability to obtain detailed imaging information of the fetal brain. To date, fetal magnetic resonance imaging has shown to have an important role in the investigation of cerebral abnormalities suspected by sonography, and in the detection of subtle brain anomalies associated with high-risk pregnancies.

Transient brain magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensity in basal ganglia and brain stem of epileptic infants treated with vigabatrin.

Vigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug that produces intramyelinic edema in several animal models. This study investigates the effect of vigabatrin on the developing human brain. The authors retrospectively blindly review 34 brain magnetic resonance imaging of 22 epileptic infants (age: 9 +/- 1 months) that received vigabatrin, focusing on the presence of hyperintensity on T2- and diffusion-weighted images.

Evidence of lateralized anteromedial temporal structures involvement in musical emotion processing.

The right and left anteromedial temporal lobes have been shown to participate in emotion processing. The aim of the study was to further address their role in music emotion perception/recognition, and assessment by two emotional determinants, i.e.

MRS of normal and impaired fetal brain development.

Cerebral maturation in the human fetal brain was investigated by in utero localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Spectra were acquired on a clinical MR system operating at 1.5 T.

Assessment of cortical maturation with prenatal MRI. Part I: Normal cortical maturation.

Cortical maturation, especially gyral formation, follows a temporospatial schedule and is a good marker of fetal maturation. Although ultrasonography is still the imaging method of choice to evaluate fetal anatomy, MRI has an increasingly important role in the detection of brain abnormalities, especially of cortical development. Knowledge of MRI techniques in utero with the advantages and disadvantages of some sequences is necessary, in order to try to optimize the different magnetic resonance sequences to be able to make an early diagnosis.

Assessment of cortical maturation with prenatal MRI: part II: abnormalities of cortical maturation.

The fetal cortical maturation is a long process with predefined steps. Abnormalities can occur at different stages of cortical maturation, resulting in various malformations. They can result from disturbance in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell migration and in organization of the cortex.