Cephalopod-inspired jetting devices for gastrointestinal drug delivery.

Needle-based injections currently enable the administration of a wide range of biomacromolecule therapies across the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, through recent developments in ingestible robotic devices. However, needles generally require training, sharps management and disposal, and pose challenges for autonomous ingestible systems. Here, inspired by the jetting systems of cephalopods, we have developed and evaluated microjet delivery systems that can deliver jets in axial and radial directions into tissue, making them suitable for tubular and globular segments of the gastrointestinal tract.

Lower chlorinated PCBs accumulate in demolition workers while working on a contaminated worksite.

Several buildings in a Danish social housing estate exceeded indoor air guidance values for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), leading to their demolition. Here, we conducted a biomonitoring study among the workers on-site (n = 24) to evaluate their exposure to all 209 PCBs across the two-year demolition. We compared their PCB serum concentrations and accumulation to those of demolition workers at other worksites (n = 21) and office workers (n = 17).

A cross-sectional study on occupational hygiene in biowaste plants.

Recycling demands are increasing and new biowaste plants are established. The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about occupational hygiene in biowaste pretreatment plants. At 6 plants, bioaerosol exposure, hand hygiene, and bioaerosol concentrations in work areas were investigated repeatedly.

Associations between bioaerosols, lung function work-shift changes and inflammatory markers: A study of recycling workers.

Objectives: We investigated associations between bioaerosol exposures and work-shift changes in lung function and inflammatory markers among recycling workers.

Methods: Inhalable dust was measured with personal samplers and analyzed for endotoxin, bacteria, and fungi (incubated at 25 °C and 37 °C) levels. Lung function (FEV1, FVC) was measured before and after work-shifts and serum concentrations of inflammatory markers (CRP, SAA, CC16, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL13, and TNF) after the shift.

Airborne bacterial and fungal species in workstations of salmon processing plants.

Significant quantities of salmon are processed daily in the industry's indoor facilities. Occupational exposure contributes to an individual's exposome. The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about potential exposure to viable airborne species of bacteria and fungi as related to workstations in the salmon processing industry.

Online SPE-LC-MS-MS method for eight hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine and determination of optimal sampling time after firefighter training.

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion and firefighters are inadvertently at risk of being exposed to these and other hazardous compounds. Exposure to PAHs is often estimated by measuring their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAH) in urine. Here, an online-SPE LC-MS-MS method was set up for eight OH-PAHs thus increasing sample throughput and minimizing manual handling.

Identifying psychosocial vulnerabilities in pregnancy: A mixed-method systematic review of the knowledge base of antenatal conversational psychosocial assessment tools.

Background: Early identification of psychosocial vulnerability among expectant parents through psychosocial assessment is increasingly recommended within maternity care. For routine antenatal assessment, a strong recognition exists regarding conversational assessment tools. However, the knowledge base of conversational tools is limited, inhibiting their clinical use.

Relationship between reasons for intermittent missing patient-reported outcomes data and missing data mechanisms.

Purpose: Non-response (NR) to patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires may cause bias if not handled appropriately. Collecting reasons for NR is recommended, but how reasons for NR are related to missing data mechanisms remains unexplored. We aimed to explore this relationship for intermittent NRs.

Fungal and bacterial species on biowaste workers' hands and inhalation zone, and potential airway deposition.

This study aims to investigate the microbiological working environment of biowaste workers, focusing on airborne fungal and bacterial species exposure, size distribution, and species on workers' hands. The research, conducted across six plants with 45 personal exposure assessments, revealed a total of 150 bacterial species and 47 fungal species on workers' hands, including 19 and 9 species classified in risk class 2 (RC2), respectively. Workers' exposure analysis identified 172 bacterial and 32 fungal species, with several in RC2.

The transcription factor ZNF469 regulates collagen production in liver fibrosis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - characterized by excess accumulation of fat in the liver - now affects one third of the world's population. As NAFLD progresses, extracellular matrix components including collagen accumulate in the liver causing tissue fibrosis, a major determinant of disease severity and mortality. To identify transcriptional regulators of fibrosis, we computationally inferred the activity of transcription factors (TFs) relevant to fibrosis by profiling the matched transcriptomes and epigenomes of 108 human liver biopsies from a deeply-characterized cohort of patients spanning the full histopathologic spectrum of NAFLD.

Paracetamol overdose in Danish children and adolescents during the Covid-19 restrictions.

Introduction: To assess the effect of long-term isolation on the mental state of Danish youth. This study aimed to investigate trends in paracetamol overdoses among people under 18 years of age in Denmark during Covid-19 restrictions as an indicator of mental health.

Methods: All patients under the age of 18 years presenting with paracetamol overdose at one of the 18 paediatric departments in Denmark from 2016 to 2021 were included.

Quantifying 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Silicone Wristbands to Evaluate Differences in Exposure among Demolition Workers.

A social housing estate in Denmark was designated for demolition due to exceedance of guidance values for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in indoor air. Here, we deployed precleaned silicone wristbands ( = 46) among demolition workers of these contaminated buildings during single workdays while conducting various work tasks. We established a method to analyze all 209 PCBs in wristbands to identify prominent congeners of exposure and evaluate differences between tasks.

Expectations and Experiences Among Clinical Staff Regarding Implementation of Digital Pathology: A Qualitative Study at Two Departments of Pathology.

The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the individual expectations and experiences regarding the implementation of digital pathology (DIPA) among clinical staff in two of the pathology departments in the Region of Southern Denmark before and during the implementation in their department. Seventeen semi-structured interviews based upon McKinsey 7-S framework were held both prior to and during implementation with both managers and employees at the two pathology departments. The interviewees were pathologists, medical doctors in internship in pathology (interns), biomedical laboratory scientists (BLS), secretaries, and a project lead.

Initial programme theory development: The first step in a realist evaluation of a cross-sectoral intervention for expectant Danish parents living with psychosocial risks.

A distinct inequality in maternity care exists, and women with psychosocial risks are at a greater risk of adverse birth outcomes. In several high-income countries, a psychosocial risk assessment early in pregnancy is recommended so that expectant parents are offered an appropriate level of care which facilitates relevant, tailored interventions for those in need. In 2017, a cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary intervention for expectant parents with psychosocial risks was developed and implemented in the North Denmark Region.

A cross-sectional study on occupational exposure to microorganisms, endotoxin, hydrogen sulfide, and dust during work at drilling waste treatment plants.

This cross-sectional study aims to obtain knowledge about workers' exposure to airborne dust, bacterial and fungal species, endotoxin, biofilm formation, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in drilling waste treatment plants. In total, 408 full-shift personal samples, 66 work areas, 40 drilling waste, and reference (outdoor air and seawater) samples were analyzed. Some workers were exposed to high levels of endotoxin (207 EU/m3), bacteria (3.

Direct and Indirect Linkages Between Trace Element Status and Health Indicators - a Multi-tissue Case-Study of Two Deer Species in Denmark.

Measuring trace element concentrations in tissue can be a valuable approach to monitor animal health status. Temporal variation in the absorption, transport, and storage of elements between different tissues can, however, complicate the assessment of element-health relationships. Here, we measured concentrations of selected essential (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se)) and non-essential (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb)) trace elements within blood, liver, kidney, and hair of fallow deer (Dama dama; N=20) and red deer (Cervus elaphus; N=21).

Predicting the impact and duration of persistent and mobile organic compounds in groundwater systems using a contaminant mass discharge approach.

This study investigated methods for predicting the duration and impact on groundwater quality from persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) at a drinking water well field affected by multiple contaminant sources. The fungicide metabolite N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS), which frequently occurs above the Danish groundwater quality criterion (0.1 μg/L), was used as an example.

Organophosphate ester (OPE) exposure among waste recycling and administrative workers in Denmark using silicone wristbands.

In a recent estimate, 96 million tons of hazardous waste were produced in the European Union, most of which were handled among the member states. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are applied as flame retardants and plasticizers and are present in many products, e.g.

Video Tutorials to Empower Caregivers of Ill Children and Reduce Health Care Utilization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Young children often fall ill, leading to concern among their caregivers and urgent contact with health care services.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of video tutorials to empower caregivers in caring for acutely ill children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Caregivers calling the out-of-hours Medical Helpline 1813 (MH1813), Emergency Medical Services Capital Region, Denmark, and their children aged 0.

Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec With Dosing Guide App Versus Once-Daily Basal Insulin Analogues in Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes (ONWARDS 5) : A Randomized Trial.

Background: Inadequate dose titration and poor adherence to basal insulin can lead to suboptimal glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Once-weekly insulin icodec (icodec) is a basal insulin analogue that is in development and is aimed at reducing treatment burden.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of icodec titrated with a dosing guide app (icodec with app) versus once-daily basal insulin analogues (OD analogues) dosed per standard practice.

Video triage in calls concerning children with fever at an out-of-hours medical helpline: a prospective quality improvement study.

Background: Parents often contact out-of-hours services due to worry concerning febrile children, despite the children rarely being severely ill. As telephone triage of children is challenging, many children are referred to hospital assessment. This study investigated if video triage resulted in more children staying at home.

Exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls and type 2 diabetes in a Danish cohort.

Background: Previous research indicates an association between higher-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, less is known about the extent to which PCB exposure in indoor air, composed primarily of lower-chlorinated PCBs, affects T2D risk. We assessed the association between indoor air exposure to PCBs in residential buildings and T2D incidence.

Risk assessment of the asthma-induction potential of substances in spray products for car cabin detailing - based on EU's Chemical Agents Directive, using harmonised classifications and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR).

Exposure to spray-formulated products for car cabin detailing is a potential risk for asthma induction. With a focus on the asthma-related endpoints sensitisation and irritation of the lungs, we performed an occupational risk assessment based on requirements in the EU Chemical Agents Directive. We identified 71 such spray products available in Denmark.