Protocol for the development of a global core outcome set for the surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer: a literature review and international Delphi survey.

Introduction: There is a lack of consensus on the optimal surgical strategy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), partly due to inconsistent reporting of outcomes. This limits the ability to compare study results, hindering the ability to draw conclusions regarding novel treatment strategies. The development of a core outcome set (COS) reduces heterogeneity in the selection and reporting of clinical trial outcomes.

Comparison of models predicting efficacy of radioiodine therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Introduction: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy, with rising incidence over recent decades. Despite a favorable prognosis, DTC management remains complex, often involving thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. While RAI is crucial for patient outcomes, its efficacy varies, necessitating the identification of predictors for treatment response.

The Definition of Recurrence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Recurrence is a key outcome to evaluate the treatment effect of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). However, no consistent definition of recurrence is available in current literature or international guidelines. Therefore, the primary aim of this systematic review was to delineate the definitions of recurrence of DTC, categorized by total thyroidectomy with radioactive iodine ablation (RAI), total thyroidectomy without RAI and lobectomy, to assess if there is a generally accepted definition among these categories.

Impact of Reclassification of Oncocytic and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma by the 2022 WHO Classification.

Background: The 2022 WHO Classification categorizes oncocytic (OTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) based on the degree of capsular and vascular invasion into minimally invasive (MI), encapsulated angioinvasive (EA) and widely invasive tumors (WI). While associations with clinical outcomes have been studied extensively in FTC, robust clinical data are lacking for OTC. We aimed to investigate the impact of the reclassification of OTC and FTC by the 2022 WHO Classification on clinical outcomes.

Intra-arterial PSMA injection using hepatic arterial infusion pump in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a proof-of-concept study.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted tracers show increased uptake in several malignancies, indicating a potential for peptide radioligand therapy. Intra-arterial injection of radiotracers can increase the therapeutic window. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of intra-arterial injection of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and compare tracer uptake after intrahepatic arterial injection and intravenous injection.

Tubarial salivary glands show a low relative contribution to functional salivary gland tissue mass.

Background: In 2021, the tubarial salivary glands (TSGs) were newly identified on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as macroscopic glands in the nasopharyngeal wall. However, the relative contribution of the TSGs to the total salivary gland function, and consequently on the development of xerostomia after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy (RNT) is not known. Therefore, we aimed to determine the presence of the TSGs and to quantify uptake in the TSGs on PSMA PET.

Connectivity based on glucose dynamics reveals exaggerated sensorimotor network coupling on subject-level in Parkinson's disease.

Purpose: While fMRI provides information on the temporal changes in blood oxygenation, 2- [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F]FDG)-PET has traditionally offered a static snapshot of brain glucose consumption. As a result, studies investigating metabolic brain networks as potential biomarkers for neurodegeneration have primarily been conducted at the group level. However, recent pioneering studies introduced time-resolved [F]FDG-PET with constant infusion, which enables metabolic connectivity studies at the individual level.

Advances in the Development of Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Improved Detection of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid cancer poses a significant challenge in clinical management, necessitating precise diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for optimal patient outcomes. This review explores the evolving field of radiotracers in the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer, focusing on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radiotracers, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-based radiotracers, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-based radiotracers, and F-tetrafluoroborate (F-TFB). PSMA-based radiotracers, initially developed for prostate cancer imaging, have shown promise in detecting thyroid cancer lesions; however, their detection rate is lower than F-FDG PET/CT.

[F]FET PET/MRI: An Accurate Technique for Detection of Small Functional Pituitary Tumors.

Small functional pituitary tumors can cause severely disabling symptoms and early death. The gold standard diagnostic approach includes laboratory tests and MRI, with or without inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS). In up to 40% of patients, however, the source of excess hormone production remains unidentified or uncertain.

Reduction of [Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE injected activity for digital PET/MR in comparison with analogue PET/CT.

Background: New digital detectors and block-sequential regularized expectation maximization (BSREM) reconstruction algorithm improve positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) image quality. The impact on image quality may differ from analogue PET/computed tomography (CT) protocol. The aim of this study is to determine the potential reduction of injected [Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE activity for digital PET/MR with BSREM reconstruction while maintaining at least equal image quality compared to the current analogue PET/CT protocol.

Clinical and Histopathological Risk Factors for Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Follicular and Oncocytic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Context: Risk factors for radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory disease in follicular (FTC) and oncocytic thyroid carcinoma (OTC) are unknown.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify clinical and histopathological risk factors for RAI-refractory disease in FTC and OTC patients, facilitated by an extensive histopathological revision.

Methods: All adult FTC and OTC patients treated at Erasmus MC (the Netherlands) between 2000 and 2016 were retrospectively included.

18 F-FDG PET/MRI for restaging esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) PET/MRI may potentially improve tumor detection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for esophageal cancer.

Methods: This was a prospective, single-center feasibility study. At 6-12 weeks after nCRT, patients underwent standard 18 F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) followed by PET/MRI, and completed a questionnaire to evaluate burden.

Replacing Lu-177 with Tb-161 in DOTA-TATE and PSMA-617 therapy: potential dosimetric implications for activity selection.

Aim: To explore the dosimetric effect of substituting Lu-177 with Tb-161 in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) using the registered tracers DOTA-TATE and PSMA-617.

Methods: Using established kinetic data for [Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE and [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, radiation absorbed doses to typical tumour lesion as well as non-target tissues ([Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE: kidneys, spleen and liver, [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617: kidneys, liver and salivary glands) were calculated for Lu-177 and Tb-161.

Results: For both DOTA-TATE and PSMA-617, the substitution of Lu-177 with Tb-161 results in an increase in the delivered dose per unit of activity to tumour tissue by 40%.

PET Imaging and Protein Expression of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Glioblastoma: A Multicenter Inventory Study.

Upregulation of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in neovasculature has been described in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), whereas vasculature in nonaffected brain shows hardly any expression of PSMA. It is unclear whether PSMA-targeting tracer uptake on PET is based on PSMA-specific binding to neovasculature or aspecific uptake in tumor. Here, we quantified uptake of various PSMA-targeting tracers in GBM and correlated this with PSMA expression in tumor biopsy samples from the same patients.

Thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin antibody: an updated clinical and laboratory expert consensus.

Objective: Thyroglobulin measurement is the cornerstone of modern management of differentiated thyroid cancer, with clinical decisions on treatment and follow-up based on the results of such measurements. However, numerous factors need to be considered regarding measurement with and interpretation of thyroglobulin assay results.

Design: The present document provides an integrated update to the 2013 and 2014 separate clinical position papers of our group on these issues.

The EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease.

This document provides the new EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease. Its aim is to guide nuclear medicine physicians, endocrinologists, and practitioners in the selection of patients for radioiodine therapy. Its recommendations on patients' preparation, empiric and dosimetric therapeutic approaches, applied radioiodine activity, radiation protection requirements, and patients follow-up after administration of radioiodine therapy are extensively discussed.

Tumor size and presence of metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: comparing cohorts from two countries.

Objective: Incidence of thyroid cancer varies widely, even across neighboring countries. Data on this phenomenon are largely lacking but are likely related to differences in health care systems. Therefore, we explored whether there are differences between populations from these 2 countries with respect to the relationship between tumor size and advanced disease.

Normal organ dosimetry for thyroid cancer patients treated with radioiodine as part of the multi-centre multi-national Horizon 2020 MEDIRAD project.

Purpose: Dosimetry is rarely performed for the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer patients with Na[I]I (radioiodine), and information regarding absorbed doses delivered is limited. Collection of dosimetry data in a multi-centre setting requires standardised quantitative imaging and dosimetry. A multi-national, multi-centre clinical study was performed to assess absorbed doses delivered to normal organs for differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with Na[I]I.