Background: Key functions of Ca signaling in rodent microglia include monitoring the brain state as well as the surrounding neuronal activity and sensing the danger or damage in their vicinity. Microglial Ca dyshomeostasis is a disease hallmark in many mouse models of neurological disorders but the Ca signal properties of human microglia remain unknown.
Methods: We developed a novel genetically-encoded ratiometric Ca indicator, targeting microglial cells in the freshly resected human tissue, organotypically cultured tissue slices and analyzed in situ ongoing Ca signaling of decades-old microglia dwelling in their native microenvironment.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
June 2011
In right ventricular failure (RVF) a decrease of right ventricular afterload and improvement of left atrial filling could be achieved by a pulmonary artery-left atrial (PA)-shunt. To avoid cyanosis, artificial oxygenation is necessary. In 11 pigs a PA-shunt was created.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Current alternative approaches for pacemaker lead implantation imply the breach of the pleural space. Recently, the feasibility of experimental lead implantation by rigid endoscopy has been described. The use of flexible endoscopes and a standardised application has not been realised yet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF