Comprehensive description of new and known stages of Americabaetis titthion Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae).

The male imago of Americabaetis titthion is described for the first time. It can be distinguished from other male imagos of the genus by the following combination of characteristics: turbinate portion of the eyes with upper surface ellipsoidal and separated by approximately the width of a lateral ocellus; costal area of fore wings tinged with reddish-brown; presence of pairs of soft, setose protuberances on the meso- and metasternum; subgenital plate slightly concave; forceps with segment I/II slightly tapering medioapically. Supplementary descriptions for the nymph and female imago are provided, as well as the first description of the eggs of a species of the genus.

Reducing the Wallacean and the Haeckelian Deficits in Apobaetis Day, 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae).

During an ongoing project aiming to understand the dynamics of Ephemeroptera biodiversity in the Doce River Basin after the disaster, an unusual large number of Apobaetis Day, 1955 were analyzed. The occurrence of Apobaetis is quite relevant, since the combination of factors such as its small body size and its habitat preferences makes their collection difficult and its presence often neglected. For the first time in science, adults of Apobaetis irai De Lima, Massariol, Cruz & Hamada, 2022 and Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 are described and diagnosed.

Diversity and Ecological Distribution of Plecoptera of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The order Plecoptera constitutes a relatively small group of aquatic insects, encompassing 17 extant families and comprising over 4400 valid species. In Brazil, the number of valid extant species is 207, located in two families: Perlidae (149) and Gripopterygidae (58). Despite extensive research on the southeastern region of Brazil, there is a notable scarcity of comprehensive studies consolidating geographical records and species richness of Plecoptera in the state of Minas Gerais.

Morphology of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) iguazu Flint, 1983 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae).

The Trichoptera, holometabolous aquatic insects found worldwide except in Antarctica, exhibit a unique feature in their sperm, which are solely nucleated (eupyrene). Current knowledge on Trichoptera sperm is limited to Old World species. To enhance our understanding of their reproductive biology and contribute to systematic discussions, we describe the male reproductive system and spermatozoa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) iguazu Flint, 1983 (Hydropsychidae).

New Stage and Species Description on Brazilian Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae).

We examined material from two poorly documented areas in Brazil concerning the mayfly genus Thraulodes: Minas Gerais, the largest state in Southeastern Brazil, but also the least studied regarding mayflies; and Tocantins, located in the North-Central area of the country. As a consequence of these efforts, we describe a new species from Minas Gerais based on imagos and nymphs, as well as the nymphs of Thraulodes solstitium Orlando, Salles, Boldrini & Krolow, 2021. Thraulodes viola sp.

Two new species of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Roraima State, northern Brazil.

Two new species of Simothraulopsis (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) are described and illustrated, based on recent collections and specimens deposited in the Zoological Collection of Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), northern Brazil. Simothraulopsis pacaraima sp. nov.

Description of a new species, nymphs of two known species and a new record of Miroculis/ Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazil.

Miroculis is one of the most diversified Neotropical genera of Leptophlebiidae in South America with 26 species currently known. In this work we describe a new species of Miroculis based on imagos from Amazonas, and the unknown nymphs of Miroculis (Miroculis) caparaoensis and Miroculis (Ommaethus) misionensis, both associated with imagos. In addition, Miroculis (Ommaethus) misionensis is recorded for the first time from Brazil.

Thraulodes marianoi sp. nov., a remarkable new species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) with dark wings from the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Thraulodes marianoi sp. nov. is described, illustrated and diagnosed based on a single male imago from a subtropical forest at Pico do Marumbi State Park, in the protected area of Mananciais da Serra, state of Paraná, Brazil.

New genus and species of Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Brazil.

One new taxon was brought to light during an Ephemeroptera survey in Roraima state, but it was not described. This new taxon was included in a cladistics analysis (as Gen A) in order to delimitate some Baetidae genera, and it was recovered as a new genus. Taking in account that the new genus and species status were already defined in a previously published paper, the objective of this study was to describe it based on imagoes and nymphs, and formally name it as Macuxi tunamore gen.

Contribution to the taxonomy of Paracloeodes Day 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from South America.

In recent decades, major advances in the systematics of the Western Hemisphere genus Paracloeodes Day have been made in South America. Despite the taxonomic progress, uncertainties in identification remain due to the morphological similarities among some nymphs and due to the general lack of knowledge of the imago stages (only 4 of 20 are described from throughout the range of the genus). This study addresses these impediments in part through description of the male imagoes of six species (P.

sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae), a new species from Rio Doce and surrounding areas, southeastern Brazil.

A new species of Tricorythodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) is described and illustrated based on nymphs and adults from the Doce River and surrounding areas in southeastern Brazil. Tricorythodes tragoedia sp. nov.

New species and records of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Espírito Santo State, Brazil.

Two new species of the perlid genus Anacroneuria, A. rotunda n. sp and A.

Taxonomic and distributional notes on Spongilla-flies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from Southeastern Brazil with first interactive key to the species of the country.

Based on adults collected from Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, we present the first reports of Sisyridae from the state, expanding the known distributional range of five species of Climacia McLachlan and Sisyra Burmeister. Adults were collected throughout two basins, Rio Doce and São Mateus, and its tributaries in the north of the state with Pennsylvania light trap. Two species are reported for the first time from Southeastern Brazil.

Four new species of Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), nymphal description of () fasciatus (Pictet) and keys for South American species of .

The first phylogenetic study of Callibaetis Eaton indicated an unrevealed diversity in this genus, including four new species named as Callibaetis sp. A, B, C and D, and the undescribed nymph of Callibaetis (Abaetetuba) fasciatus (Pictet). Given that neither the nymph of C.

Additions and corrections to the systematics of mayfly species assigned to the genus Eaton 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from South America.

Due to historical taxonomic impediments, species of Callibaetis Eaton are difficult to identify. Recent studies have attempted to resolve this problem, although many species still lack complete descriptions; nymphs of several species remain undetermined; and type specimens are lost or poorly known. Given these hindrances, the aim of this study is to review some of the type specimens of Callibaetis from South America.

Stage description, new combination and new records of Neotropical Brachycercinae (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae).

We present taxonomic contributions and new records for Neotropical Brachycercinae based on material from Brazil. We performed a phylogenetic analysis in order to test the relationship between Alloretochus Sun & McCafferty, 2008 and Latineosus Sun & Mc- Cafferty, 2008, and Alloretochus sigillatus was recovered in the Latineosus clade. Therefore, we propose a new combination, Latineosus sigillatus comb.

Further notes on South American species of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) assigned to Moribaetis Waltz & McCafferty, 1985.

The types of the remaining two South American species classified in Moribaetis Waltz & McCafferty, 1985 were studied. Moribaetis comes (Navás, 1912) is designated as a nomen dubium based on the lack of information in the original description, the damaged type and the resultant improbability of assigning specimens to this species. The type-material of M.

Two-winged Cloeodes in Brazil: new species, stage description, and key to South American species.

The present work, based on material from northern, central-western, and northeastern Brazil, contributes to the knowledge of the two-winged Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in South America. Two new species, C. maracatu, sp.

Six new species of Cernotina Ross, 1938 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from Brazil.

Six new species of Cernotina Ross are described from two Brazilian states: Cernotina anhanguera sp. nov., Cernotina bispicata sp.

Paracloeodes caldensis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), an atypical new species from the Colombian Andes.

In the present work, an atypical new species of Paracloeodes Day (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) is described based on nymphs collected in the Caldas Department, Central Cordillera of Colombia. This represents the first report of the genus from Colombia. The main characteristics that distinguish the new species from congeners are: abundant setae on femora, antennae length twice the width of the head capsule, maxilla with palp twice the length of the galea-lacinia, segment II of the labial palp with a rounded projection and 2.

Using baetidae species as biological indicators of environmental degradation in a Brazilian river basin.

The Ephemeroptera family Baetidae is one of the most specious families in the Neotropical region and a great effort to improve the taxonomy of this group has been made over the last 10 years in South America. Such studies now enable the development of biomonitoring tools at species-level in the region. A total of 2,199 baetids were collected from seven sampling sites, collected three times (autumn, winter and summer), representing an environmental gradient, draining an area of Atlantic Forest remnants.