Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: does variant histology matter?

Purpose: The most frequent histology of bladder tumors is urothelial carcinoma. Most are pure urothelial carcinomas (PUC) but up to one-third of the cases present variant histological (VH) features. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of variant histology in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response in patients with urothelial muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Undergraduate teaching of urology:

Background: The undergraduate teaching of urology is not uniform in the various European medical schools and even absent in some of them, despite the widespread adoption of the Bologna process, which advocates a standardization and harmonization of medical education. Our aim was to evaluate the perception of junior doctors about the undergraduate teaching of Urology and the exposure to the specialty of Urology in undergraduate education in Portuguese medical schools.

Methods: A questionnaire was emailed to all physicians who first enrolled in the Board of Portuguese Doctors in 2017 and 2018.

Synchronous bilateral seminoma.

Objective: To present a case of synchronous bilateral seminoma and perform a bibliographic review about this rare presentation of testicular neoplasia, with important physical and psychological consequences.

Methods: 25-year old man with bilateral multifocal testicular neoplasias and azoospermia. We performed a bilateral inguinal radical orchiectomy, with the pathologic exam diagnosing bilateral seminoma.