One-step enzymatic production of fatty acid ethyl ester from high-acidity waste feedstocks in solvent-free media.

This work aims to demonstrate the enzymatic production of fatty acid ethyl ester biodiesel from highly acidic feedstock in a single-step reaction, without co-solvents and avoiding the inhibition of the enzyme by ethanol and glycerol. Additionally, an empirical equation is proposed to predict the kinetics of the production reaction as a function of the used feedstock and catalyst concentration. Biodiesel production from highly acidic feedstock perform via simultaneous esterification of free fatty acids and transesterification of triacylglycerols.

Prevalance of anemia and its association with cardio-renal syndrome.

Background: Anemia is common in cardio-renal syndrome and may contribute to increase mortality.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of anemia and its relationship with cardio-renal syndrome, and to evaluate the risk factors for death.

Methods: Retrospective study with all patients admitted with congestive heart failure (CHF).