Treatment of rosacea during pregnancy.

Background: Exacerbation of rosacea may occur during pregnancy and there are multiple associated cases of rosacea fulminans (RF). Treatment during pregnancy poses a significant challenge as many rosacea treatments are contraindicated or have limited evidence regarding potential adverse fetal effects.

Objective: Review the pregnancy categories of various treatments and develop algorithms for treating pregnant patients with rosacea and RF.

Dermatological trends in emergency medicine.

Background: Trends in emergency department (ED) visits with a primary dermatologic diagnosis are not well characterized.

Objective: The goal is to determine how the number of ED visits attributable to dermatologic disease is changing and to characterize the type of dermatologic conditions seen.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: Emergency Department Summary Tables 2008-2017.

Is Clear Always Clear? Comparison of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) in Psoriasis Clearance.

Introduction: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) are the most widely used outcome measures in clinical trials of biologics to treat psoriasis; however, these outcome measures vary in both their reliability and validity. As newer biologics approach complete clearance of psoriasis, it becomes important to have standardized, reproducible forms of measure to accurately compare treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of and reasons for variation between PASI and PGA scores used in clinical trials.

Erythema nodosum and pernicious anemia.

Erythema nodosum (EN) often presents as a sudden onset of tender, erythematous, subcutaneous nodules on the legs and ankles. Although rare, pernicious anemia may be related to vitamin B12 deficiency. Discussion of this association in the context of a particular patient is presented.

Idiopathic granulomatous lobular mastitis.

Idiopathic granulomatous lobular mastitis (IGLM) is a rare breast condition with prominent skin findings. It is typically seen in young parous women. Painful breast masses, draining sinuses, scarring, and breast atrophy are the main clinical manifestations.

Superantigens in dermatology.

Superantigens (SAgs) are virulent polypeptides that are produced by a variety of infectious organisms. They are capable of causing nonspecific T cell activation by circumventing normal antigen processing in the human host. The genetic makeup of the host plays a role in conferring susceptibility or protection against SAgs.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Unlabelled: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an unpredictable, life-threatening drug reaction associated with a 30% mortality. Massive keratinocyte apoptosis is the hallmark of TEN. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes appear to be the main effector cells and there is experimental evidence for involvement of both the Fas-Fas ligand and perforin/granzyme pathways.