Kenneth Keown (1917-1985): Innovator in Early Cardiac Anesthesiology.

Kenneth Keown, MD, was a forward-thinking anesthesiologist who developed techniques to allow the safe practice of cardiac anesthesia and opened the door for the future development of more complex intracardiac surgical procedures. His early successful protocols for cardiac anesthesiology and his wide-reaching education of others on these methods earned him the designation of "the grand old man of anesthesia for inside-the-heart surgery" at a young age. His contributions also extended to groundbreaking research in hypothermia, lidocaine uses as an antiarrhythmic, and advocacy for anesthesiology as a specialty.

Opioid Use Disorder and Pregnancy.

Over-prescription of opioid pain medications and increases in heroin use have contributed to the sharp rise in opioid-related hospitalizations and overdose deaths among young adults in the United States, including pregnant women. This has imposed substantial direct and indirect costs to our nation's health care system. Effective treatment with methadone and buprenorphine is available, but significant barriers to care may restrict access for many.

Preoperative Evaluation of the Surgical Patient.

Primary care physicians and specialists are frequently involved in the care of surgical patients. Changes in reimbursement have prompted re-examination of preoperative testing and health care expenditures. Physicians have additional incentives to improve health care delivery and reduce costs.

Pediatric pain management: a review.

Although the occurrence of pain in hospitalized children is common, assessment and treatment of pain presents unique challenges to practitioners who care for pediatric patients. Knowledge of drug mechanisms as well as metabolic differences in infants and children compared with adults is necessary for the successful treatment of acute and chronic pain syndromes. Recent reports of adverse events in children receiving both opioid and non-opioid analgesics have prompted re-examination of some long standing pain medication regimens and prescribing practices.

Amplifier-free slab-coupled optical waveguide optoelectronic oscillator systems.

We demonstrate a free-running 3-GHz slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with low phase-noise (<-120 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset) and ultra-low sidemode spurs. These sidemodes are indistinguishable from noise on a spectrum analyzer measurement (>88 dB down from carrier). The SCOW-OEO uses high-power low-noise SCOW components in a single-loop cavity employing 1.

Low-noise RF-amplifier-free slab-coupled optical waveguide coupled optoelectronic oscillators: physics and operation.

We demonstrate a 10-GHz RF-amplifier-free slab-coupled optical waveguide coupled optoelectronic oscillator (SCOW-COEO) system operating with low phase-noise (<-115 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset) and large sidemode suppression (>70 dB measurement-limited). The optical pulses generated by the SCOW-COEO exhibit 26.8-ps pulse width (post compression) with a corresponding spectral bandwidth of 0.

Uni-traveling-carrier variable confinement waveguide photodiodes.

Uni-traveling-carrier waveguide photodiodes (PDs) with a variable optical confinement mode size transformer are demonstrated. The optical mode is large at the input for minimal front-end saturation and the mode transforms as the light propagates so that the absorption profile is optimized for both high-power and high-speed performance. Two differently designed PDs are presented.

Cultural sensitivity and informed decision making about prostate cancer screening.

Because informed consent for prostate cancer screening with prostate specific antigen (PSA) is recommended, we determined how African Americans, Hispanics, and Caucasians want information about screening with PSA and the digital rectal exam (DRE) presented in culturally sensitive brochures specific for each group. We analyzed focus group discussions using content analysis and compared themes across groups in a university outpatient internal medicine practice setting. The participants were twenty couples with men age 50 and older who participated in four focus groups.

Physician perspectives on the importance of facts men ought to know about prostate-specific antigen testing.

Objective: To determine physicians' rating of the importance of key facts men ought to know about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and whether there are differences by specialty.

Participants: A nationwide random sample of internists, family physicians, and urologists stratified by physician specialty from The Official ABMS Directory of Board-Certified Medical Specialists 2000 Edition.

Measurements: Internists (N = 139), family physicians (N = 160), and urologists (N = 151) were asked to rate how important it is for men to know 17 facts about PSA screening using a 5-point Likert scale.

Informed consent for cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen: how well are men getting the message?

Objectives: This study examined knowledge about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening among African Americans and Whites. Because PSA screening for prostate cancer is controversial, professional organizations recommend informed consent for screening.

Methods: Men (n = 304) attending outpatient clinics were surveyed for their knowledge about and experience with screening.