Label-free identification of Erythropoietin isoforms by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

We present a sensitive label-free surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for the discrimination between the recombinant and endogenous human Erythropoietin (EPO) isoforms. The proposed methodology comprises a lectin-functionalised extractor chip for the extraction of the recombinant human EPO (rhuEPO) and the endogenous EPO (enEPO) from blood plasma. The disulfide bond molecular structure of the purified isoforms was modified to chemisorb the biomolecules onto a SERS substrate in a unified orientation, thus maximizing the reproducibility and sensitivity of the SERS measurements.

Sorption of iodide (I) from aqueous solution using Mg/Al layered double hydroxides.

In this article, the authors report the adsorption of iodide by Mg/Al LDHs and thermally activated LDH materials in laboratory scale batch experiments. The optimal Mg/Al cation ratio was 3:1while the percentage iodide uptake increased with increasing adsorbent dose up to 1g/20mL of solution. The effect of initial iodide concentration was investigated using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, while the pseudo second order kinetic model appeared to provide the best fit for the experimental data.

Leaching of iodide (I(-)) and iodate (IO3(-)) anions from synthetic layered double hydroxide materials.

Several studies have previously demonstrated that layered double hydroxides (LDHs) show considerable potential for the adsorption of radioiodine from aqueous solution; however, few studies have demonstrated that these materials are able to store radioactive (131)I for an acceptable period. The leaching of iodide (I(-)) and iodate (IO3(-)) form Mg/Al LDHs has been carried out. Contact time appeared to be a more significant variable for the leaching of iodate (IO3(-)) compared to that of iodide (I(-)).

A SEM, EDS and vibrational spectroscopic study of the clay mineral fraipontite.

The mineral fraipontite has been studied by using a combination of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis and vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman). Fraipontite is a member of the 1:1 clay minerals of the kaolinite-serpentine group. The mineral contains Zn and Cu and is of formula (Cu,Zn,Al)₃(Si,Al)₂O₅(OH)₄.

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the phosphate mineral vantasselite Al4(PO4)3(OH)3·9H2O.

We have studied the phosphate mineral vantasselite Al₄(PO₄)₃(OH)₃·9H₂O using a combination of SEM with EDX and Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Qualitative chemical analysis shows Al, Fe and P. Raman bands at 1013 and 1027 cm(-1) are assigned to the PO₄(3-)ν₁ symmetric stretching mode.

An SEM, EDS and vibrational spectroscopic study of the silicate mineral meliphanite (Ca,Na)2Be[(Si,Al)2O6(F,OH)].

The mineral meliphanite (Ca,Na)2Be[(Si,Al)2O6(F,OH)] is a crystalline sodium calcium beryllium silicate which has the potential to be used as piezoelectric material and for other ferroelectric applications. The mineral has been characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrational spectroscopy. EDS analysis shows a material with high concentrations of Si and Ca and low amounts of Na, Al and F.

SEM, EDX, infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the silicate mineral yuksporite.

The mineral yuksporite (K,Ba)NaCa2(Si,Ti)4O11(F,OH)⋅H2O has been studied using the combination of SEM with EDX and vibrational spectroscopic techniques of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy shows a single pure phase with cleavage fragment up to 1.0 mm.

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the silicate mineral normandite--NaCa(Mn(2+),Fe(2+))(Ti,Nb,Zr)Si2O7(O,F)2.

We have studied the mineral normandite using a combination of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. The mineral normandite NaCa(Mn(2+),Fe(2+))(Ti,Nb,Zr)Si2O7(O,F)2 is a crystalline sodium calcium silicate which contains rare earth elements. Chemical analysis shows the mineral contains a range of elements including Na, Mn(2+), Ca, Fe(2+) and the rare earth element niobium.

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the silicate mineral pectolite - NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH).

The mineral pectolite NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH) is a crystalline sodium calcium silicate which has the potential to be used in plaster boards and in other industrial applications. Raman bands at 974 and 1026 cm(-1) are assigned to the SiO stretching vibrations of linked units of Si₃O₈ units. Raman bands at 974 and 998 cm(-1) serve to identify Si₃O₈ units.

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the silicate mineral lomonosovite Na₅Ti₂(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)O₂.

The mineral lomonosovite has been studied using a combination of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and vibrational spectroscopy. Qualitative chemical analysis gave Si, P, Na and Ti as the as major elements with small amounts of Mn, Ca, Fe and Al. The mineral lomonosovite has a formula Na₅Ti₂(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)O₂.

Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the sulphate-halide mineral sulphohalite - implications for evaporites.

The mineral sulphohalite - Na6(SO4)2FCl is a rare sodium halogen sulphate and occurs associated with evaporitic deposits. Sulphohalite formation is important in saline evaporites and in pipe scales. Sulphohalite is an anhydrous sulphate-halide with an apparent variable anion ratio of formula Na6(SO4)2FCl.

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the silicate mineral analcime - Na2(Al4SiO4O12)·2H2O - a natural zeolite.

We have studied the mineral analcime using a combination of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. The mineral analcime Na2(Al4SiO4O12)·2H2O is a crystalline sodium silicate. Chemical analysis shows the mineral contains a range of elements including Na, Al, Fe(2+) and Si.

Vibrational spectroscopic study of the sulphate mineral glaucocerinite (Zn,Cu)(10)Al(6)(SO(4))(3)(OH)(32)⋅18H(2)O - a natural layered double hydroxide.

We have studied the molecular structure of the mineral glaucocerinite (Zn,Cu)(5)Al(3)(SO(4))1.5(OH)16⋅9(H2O) using a combination of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The mineral is one of the hydrotalcite supergroup of natural layered double hydroxides.

A review of the removal of anions and oxyanions of the halogen elements from aqueous solution by layered double hydroxides.

The application of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and thermally activated LDHs for the removal of various fluorine (F(-),BF4(-)), chlorine (Cl(-),ClO4(-)), bromine (Br(-),BrO3(-)) and iodine (I(-),IO3(-)) species from aqueous solutions has been reviewed in this article. LDHs and thermally activated LDHs were able to significantly reduce the concentration of selected anions in laboratory scale experiments. The M(2+):M(3+) cation ratio of the LDH adsorbent was an important factor which influenced anion uptake.

Vibrational spectroscopic study of the natural layered double hydroxide manasseite now defined as hydrotalcite-2H-Mg6Al2(OH)16[CO3]⋅4H2O.

Raman and thermo-Raman spectroscopy have been applied to study the mineral formerly known as manasseite now simply renamed as hydrotalcite-2H Mg6Al2(OH)16[CO3]⋅4H2O. The mineral is a member of the homonymous hydrotalcite supergroup. Hydrogen bond distances calculated using a Libowitzky-type empirical function varied between 2.

Mid- and near-infrared spectroscopic investigation of homogeneous cation distribution in Mg(x)Zn(y)Al(x+y)/2-layered double hydroxide (LDH).

In this report, a detailed FTIR fitting analysis was used to recognize Mg, Zn and Al homogeneous distribution in Mg(x)Zn(y)Al(x+y)/2-Layered double hydroxide (LDH) hydroxyl layer. In detail, OH-Mg2Al:OH-Mg3 ratios decreased from 95.2:4.

Vibrational spectroscopic study of the uranyl selenite mineral derriksite Cu4UO2(SeO3)2(OH)6·H2O.

Raman spectrum of the mineral derriksite Cu4UO2(SeO3)2(OH)6⋅H2O was studied and complemented by the infrared spectrum of this mineral. Both spectra were interpreted and partly compared with the spectra of demesmaekerite, marthozite, larisaite, haynesite and piretite. Observed Raman and infrared bands were attributed to the (UO2)(2+), (SeO3)(2-), (OH)(-) and H2O vibrations.

Removal of boron species by layered double hydroxides: a review.

Boron, which is an essential element for plants, is toxic to humans and animals at high concentrations. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and thermally activated LDHs have shown good uptake of a range of boron species in laboratory scale experiments when compared to current available methods, which are for the most part ineffective or prohibitively expensive. LDHs were able to remove anions from water by anion exchange, the reformation (or memory) effect and direct precipitation.