Resource need and use of multiethnic caregivers of elders in their homes.

Aims: The aim of this study was to predict South Florida family caregivers' need for and use of informal help or formal services, specifically, to explore the predictive power of variables suggested by the Caregiver Identity Theory and the literature and develop and test a structural model.

Background: In the USA, most of the care to older adults is given by family members. Caregivers make economic and social sacrifices that endanger their health.

Patterns of caregiving of Cuban, other Hispanic, Caribbean Black, and White elders in South Florida.

Caregivers in Miami, Florida (185 Cubans, 108 other Hispanics, 229 non-Hispanic Whites, and 73 Caribbean Blacks) were described and compared along demographic and health variables, cultural attitudes, and caregiving behaviors. Participants were recruited at random through Home Health Services (61 %) and convenience sampling in the community (39 %), and interviewed at their home. Standardized instruments and measures constructed for this study were pretested.

Domestic abuse against elder women and perceived barriers to help-seeking.

The study's (n = 447) purposes were to (1) describe relationships of abuser behavior to elder women's perception of barriers to help-seeking; (2) compare fit of model to participants' levels of abuse, race-ethnicity, age, and gender and relationship of identified close other; and (3) determine extent to which the model differentiated relationship of abuser to participant and level of abuse. Analyses identified six factors contributing to the overall barrier score, accounting for 84% of total variance (χ2/df = 1.527, CFI = .

Self-regulation and eudaimonic well-being across adulthood.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: The authors developed and tested a model to examine the developmental self-regulatory pathways that lead to optimal eudaimonic well-being across adulthood.

Methods: Measures of goal adjustment, optimization, possible selves, and well-being were obtained from 590 adults ranging in age from 17 to 94. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the whether there were age-differential pathways among the developmental self-regulatory processes and well-being.

Health and cultural determinants of voluntary HIV testing and counseling among middle-aged and older Latina women.

The rate of cases of HIV/AIDS in older people is increasing; indeed one out of every four people with HIV/AIDS is over age 50. This study describes the correlates of HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) using structural equation modeling techniques for a sample of 135 middle-aged and middle-aged and older Latinas in South Florida. Over 60% of participants had been tested for HIV.

Theory-driven intervention improves calcium intake, osteoporosis knowledge, and self-efficacy in community-dwelling older Black adults.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an osteoporosis education program to improve calcium intake, knowledge, and self-efficacy in community-dwelling older Black adults.

Design: Randomized repeated measures experimental design.

Setting: Churches and community-based organizations.

Food safety education using an interactive multimedia kiosk in a WIC setting: correlates of client satisfaction and practical issues.

Objective: To assess acceptability of food safety education delivered by interactive multimedia (IMM) in a Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children Program (WIC) clinic.

Methods: Female clients or caregivers (n=176) completed the food-handling survey; then an IMM food safety education program on a computer kiosk. Satisfaction with program, participant demographics, and change in food-handling behavior were assessed by univariate analyses.

Diarrheal illness among women, infants, and children (WIC) program participants in Miami, Florida: implications for nutrition education.

Objective: To assess risk factors for diarrheal illness among clients of a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinic in Miami, FL.

Design: A cross-sectional survey with questions about demographics, food safety practices, and diarrheal illness.

Setting: WIC clinic operated by the Miami-Dade County Health Department in Florida.

Field test of the feasibility and validity of using the Hoosier Assurance Plan Instrument for Adults in a state mental health program.

The current paper reports on the feasibility of using the HAPI-A, an instrument designed to assess a person's level of functioning in the community: (1) to help determine eligibility to receive behavioral health services, (2) to assign reimbursement case rates; and (3) to provide data for a service provider report card. A 3-year field study of the use of the instrument across an entire state mental health system explored the effectiveness of methods to enhance data accuracy, including annual training and a professional clinical record audit, and the ability of the test to detect differences in improvement rates within risk-adjusted groupings. The combination of training and auditing produced statistically significant, cumulative reductions in data errors across all 3 years of the field test.

The relationship of built environment to perceived social support and psychological distress in Hispanic elders: the role of "eyes on the street".

Background: Research on contextual and neighborhood effects increasingly includes the built (physical) environment's influences on health and social well-being. A population-based study examined whether architectural features of the built environment theorized to promote observations and social interactions (e.g.

Barriers to help-seeking for older women who experience intimate partner violence: a descriptive model.

Purpose: The paper describes a model of barriers to help-seeking (MBHS) for older women who experience domestic violence (DV).

Design And Methods: Data were collected from 134 women ages 45 to 85 years in 21 focus groups. Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (ATLAS.

Randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of an interactive multimedia food safety education program for clients of the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children.

Background: Pregnant women and the very young are among those most susceptible to foodborne infections and at high risk of a severe outcome from foodborne infections.

Objective: To determine if interactive multimedia is a more effective method than pamphlets for delivering food safety education to Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clients.

Design: A randomized controlled trial of WIC clients was conducted.

Psychosocial outcomes in later life: a multivariate model.

A conceptual model was developed to identify developmental self-regulatory pathways to optimal psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. The model delineates influences among age, possible selves, developmental processes (i.e.

The Hoosier Assurance Plan Instrument for Adults (HAPI-A): the psychometric properties of a level of functioning assessment instrument designed for use in a state managed care mental health program.

The psychometric properties of the HAPI-A were examined at intake and 90-day follow-up in consumers with mental illness (MI) or chronic addiction (CA) being served at one of 11 treatment facilities (n = 1168). A 4-factor subscale structure was confirmed and factor invariance tests indicated a single model for the CA and MI samples. Internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were good (ICCs = 0.

Food safety practices among pregnant women and mothers in the women, infants, and children program, Miami, Florida.

Pregnant women and infants are two groups at the highest risk of severe outcomes from foodborne illnesses. We surveyed adult clients of a Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinic serving predominately African Americans in inner-city Miami, Florida, to assess food safety practices. Eligible and consenting women completed a 23-item self-administered survey with questions concerning food handling practices around the Partnership for Food Safety Education's Fight BAC! campaign constructs of "clean", "separate" (not cross-contaminated), "cook", and "chill".

Internal barriers to help seeking for middle-aged and older women who experience intimate partner violence.

There has been relatively little qualitatively or quantitatively published research to guide the field in identifying and addressing barriers to seeking help for older women who experience domestic violence. Women over the age of 45 have seldom been participants in research on domestic violence. This paper describes results from a qualitative study that focused on reactions to and internalization of abusive behaviors of an intimate partner.

Longitudinal Analysis when the Experimenter does not Determine when Treatment Ends: What is Dose-Response?

The most appropriate amount of psychotherapy to address a particular problem is of interest to clinicians, consumers and those responsible for funding of care. The dose-response relationship has been examined within the context of randomized clinical trials, meta-analysis as well as naturalistic studies; however, each of these approaches has limits. Many of these approaches have conceptually blurred two distinct concepts: do participants with different characteristics need different amounts of therapy and do otherwise equal participants show different outcomes when given different levels of (a particular type of) therapy? For any study design, if the experimenter does not determine the duration of therapy, then the length of therapy is said to be endogenous.

Planning for long-term care: concept, definition, and measurement.

Purpose: This study explores the development and testing of an instrument to measure long-term-care planning behavior.

Design And Methods: Researchers operationalized proposed constructs and response styles as statements in a questionnaire. A telephone survey involved 150 randomly selected residents of Miami-Dade County, Florida who were between the ages of 55 and 70.

Familias Unidas: the efficacy of an intervention to promote parental investment in Hispanic immigrant families.

This paper reports a test of the efficacy of Familias Unidas, a Hispanic-specific, ecologically focused, parent-centered preventive intervention, in promoting protection against and reducing risk for adolescent behavior problems. Specifically, the intervention was designed to foster parental investment, reduce adolescent behavior problems, and promote adolescent school bonding/academic achievement, all protective factors against drug abuse and delinquency. One-hundred sixty seven Hispanic families of 6th and 7th grade students from three South Florida public schools were stratified by grade within school and randomly assigned to intervention and no-intervention control conditions.

Equivalence to normal?

The two articles discussed are integral ingredients of a greater whole Ken Howard envisioned. The first (Saunders, Howard, & Newman, 1988) refined our understanding of clinical significance, challenging researchers to clearly define the character and range of behaviors identified as normal or nonclinical for a specific population. The second (Rogers, Howard, & Vessey, 1993) focused on tests of equivalency between two experimental groups.